Method for Producing Columnar Ice in Laboratory and Its Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design of Wind Tunnel
2.1.1. Design of Test Section and Settling Chamber
2.1.2. Design of the Contraction
2.1.3. Design of Exit Diffuser and Wide-Angle Diffuser
2.2. Ice Formation Test
2.2.1. Test Devices
2.2.2. Test Procedure
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Selection of the Wind Tunnel Contraction Section
3.1.1. The Distribution of Pressure and Velocity
3.1.2. Comparison of Dynamic Pressure Coefficient and Velocity Non-Uniformity
3.2. Wind Tunnel Test Section Velocity Verification
3.3. Results and Discussion of Ice Formation Test
3.4. Results and Discussion of Ice Crystal Measurement
3.5. Application Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wind Speed (m/s) | 0.1 | 1 | 3 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Two cubic arcs | 0.071 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.019 |
Witosznski curve | 0.061 | 0.046 | 0.036 | 0.032 |
Wind Speed (m/s) | 0.1 | 1 | 3 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Two cubic arcs | 0.035 | 0.012 | 0.011 | 0.009 |
Witosznski curve | 0.030 | 0.023 | 0.018 | 0.016 |
Output Voltages (V) | Average Wind Speed at the Midpoint of the Test Section (m/s) | Average Wind Speed at the Contraction Section Entrance (m/s) | Speed Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
90 | 1.08 | 0.16 | 6.75 |
105 | 1.97 | 0.29 | 6.79 |
120 | 3.04 | 0.45 | 6.76 |
130 | 4.12 | 0.61 | 6.75 |
150 | 6.23 | 0.92 | 6.77 |
180 | 8.13 | 1.21 | 6.72 |
220 | 10.56 | 1.57 | 6.73 |
Wind Speed/Temperature | −10 °C | −15 °C | −20 °C | −25 °C | −30 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 m/s | 3.15 | 3.56 | 3.81 | 4.37 | 4.71 |
2 m/s | 3.94 | 5.13 | 6.06 | 7.72 | 8.05 |
4 m/s | 5.56 | 7.20 | 7.91 | 8.98 | 9.35 |
6 m/s | 6.97 | 8.20 | 9.73 | 10.23 | 11.40 |
8 m/s | 9.13 | 13.09 | 14.71 | 16.88 | 19.63 |
Wind Speed/Temperature | −10 °C | −15 °C | −20 °C | −25 °C | −30 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 m/s | 3.31 | 4.19 | 4.54 | 5.39 | 5.54 |
2 m/s | 3.88 | 5.41 | 5.49 | 5.57 | 6.36 |
4 m/s | 4.67 | 6.00 | 6.01 | 6.80 | 7.53 |
6 m/s | 4.92 | 6.29 | 6.63 | 7.08 | 7.99 |
8 m/s | 5.09 | 6.57 | 7.03 | 7.57 | 8.26 |
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Zhang, Y.; Qian, Z.; Huang, W. Method for Producing Columnar Ice in Laboratory and Its Application. Water 2024, 16, 2558. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182558
Zhang Y, Qian Z, Huang W. Method for Producing Columnar Ice in Laboratory and Its Application. Water. 2024; 16(18):2558. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182558
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yujia, Zuoqin Qian, and Weilong Huang. 2024. "Method for Producing Columnar Ice in Laboratory and Its Application" Water 16, no. 18: 2558. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16182558