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Open AccessArticle
Hydrological Modeling to Unravel the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Attribution of Baseflow in the Yangtze River Source Area, China
by
Huazhun Ren
Huazhun Ren 1,2,3,
Guangdong Wu
Guangdong Wu 2,4,5,*,
Longcang Shu
Longcang Shu 1,2,*,
Wenjian Tang
Wenjian Tang 4,
Chengpeng Lu
Chengpeng Lu 1,
Bo Liu
Bo Liu 1,
Shuyao Niu
Shuyao Niu 1,
Yunliang Li
Yunliang Li 5 and
Yuxuan Wang
Yuxuan Wang 6
1
The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2
College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
3
Bureau of Rivers and Lakes Protection, Construction, Operation and Safety of Chang Jiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China
4
Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Ministry of Water Resources of China, Wuhan 430010, China
5
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
6
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2024, 16(20), 2892; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202892 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 11 September 2024
/
Revised: 5 October 2024
/
Accepted: 8 October 2024
/
Published: 11 October 2024
Abstract
Revealing the spatiotemporal variation in baseflow and its underlying mechanisms is critical for preserving the health and ecological functions of alpine rivers, but this has rarely been conducted in the source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR). Our study employed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model coupled with two-parameter digital filtering and geostatistical approaches to obtain a visual representation of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity characteristics of the baseflow and baseflow index (BFI) in the SRYR. The SWAT model and multiple linear regression model (MLR) were used to quantitatively estimate the contribution of climate change and human activities to baseflow and BFI changes. The results underscore the robust applicability of the SWAT model within the SRYR. Temporally, the precipitation, temperature, and baseflow exhibited significant upward trends, and the baseflow and BFI showed contrasting intra-annual distribution patterns, which were unimodal and bimodal distribution, respectively. Spatially, the baseflow increased from northwest to southeast, and from the watershed perspective, the Tongtian River exhibited higher baseflow values compared to other regions of the SRYR. The baseflow and BFI values of the Dangqu River were greater than those of other tributaries. More than 50% of the entire basin had an annual BFI value greater than 0.7, which indicates that baseflow was the major contributor to runoff generation. Moreover, the contributions of climate change and human activities to baseflow variability were 122% and −22%, and to BFI variability, 60% and 40%. Specifically, precipitation contributed 116% and 60% to the baseflow and BFI variations, while the temperature exhibited contributions of 6% and 8%, respectively. Overall, it was concluded that the spatiotemporal distributions of baseflow and the BFI are controlled by various factors, and climate change is the main factor of baseflow variation. Our study offers valuable insights for the management and quantitative assessment of groundwater resources within the SRYR amidst climate change.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Ren, H.; Wu, G.; Shu, L.; Tang, W.; Lu, C.; Liu, B.; Niu, S.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.
Hydrological Modeling to Unravel the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Attribution of Baseflow in the Yangtze River Source Area, China. Water 2024, 16, 2892.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202892
AMA Style
Ren H, Wu G, Shu L, Tang W, Lu C, Liu B, Niu S, Li Y, Wang Y.
Hydrological Modeling to Unravel the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Attribution of Baseflow in the Yangtze River Source Area, China. Water. 2024; 16(20):2892.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202892
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ren, Huazhun, Guangdong Wu, Longcang Shu, Wenjian Tang, Chengpeng Lu, Bo Liu, Shuyao Niu, Yunliang Li, and Yuxuan Wang.
2024. "Hydrological Modeling to Unravel the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity and Attribution of Baseflow in the Yangtze River Source Area, China" Water 16, no. 20: 2892.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w16202892
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