Climate Variability Structures Plant Community Dynamics in Mediterranean Restored and Reference Tidal Wetlands
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sites
2.2. Field Data Collection
2.3. Salinity and Rainfall
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
SADE | SPFO | SAPA | DISP | JACA | FRSA | GRST | BOMA | Sub Dom Total | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | CC | MM | CC | MM | CC | MM | CC | MM | CC | MM | CC | MM | CC | MM | CC | MM | CC | MM |
1990 | 0.00 | 19.46 | 3.53 | 13.35 | 94.19 | 67.19 | 1.13 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.59 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.28 | 0.00 |
1991 | 0.00 | 16.43 | 17.30 | 66.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||||||
1992 | 0.00 | 10.04 | 3.83 | 24.67 | 93.64 | 65.29 | 1.04 | 0.00 | 0.60 | 0.00 | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.53 | 0.00 |
1994 | 0.00 | 13.21 | 4.41 | 24.04 | 94.15 | 62.76 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 1.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.44 | 0.00 |
1995 | 0.00 | 11.75 | 4.55 | 41.06 | 89.14 | 47.19 | 4.91 | 0.00 | 0.65 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.31 | 0.00 |
1996 | 0.00 | 11.98 | 3.83 | 41.56 | 88.06 | 45.64 | 3.78 | 0.82 | 1.11 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 2.22 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.00 | 7.39 | 0.82 |
1997 | 0.00 | 4.47 | 55.61 | 38.06 | 1.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 1.86 | ||||||||
1998 | 0.00 | 5.24 | 4.34 | 65.73 | 81.35 | 26.40 | 9.52 | 2.08 | 1.12 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 3.44 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 14.31 | 2.63 |
1999 | 0.00 | 1.64 | 3.18 | 55.50 | 79.51 | 39.39 | 8.17 | 2.95 | 2.21 | 0.00 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 4.04 | 0.53 | 2.35 | 0.00 | 14.95 | 3.48 |
2001 | 0.00 | 0.37 | 42.57 | 53.17 | 2.69 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 1.01 | 0.00 | 3.88 | ||||||||
2002 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 3.83 | 38.65 | 89.53 | 56.51 | 1.41 | 3.14 | 2.03 | 0.13 | 0.59 | 0.25 | 2.59 | 1.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.63 | 4.73 |
2003 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 5.31 | 35.36 | 88.08 | 59.21 | 2.30 | 3.24 | 2.24 | 0.26 | 0.61 | 0.34 | 1.19 | 1.48 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 6.33 | 5.32 |
2004 | 0.00 | 0.71 | 2.61 | 38.55 | 87.08 | 55.06 | 3.17 | 4.60 | 3.03 | 0.18 | 0.92 | 0.20 | 2.20 | 0.71 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 9.31 | 5.68 |
2005 | 0.00 | 0.31 | 3.01 | 41.01 | 87.20 | 53.01 | 2.34 | 3.77 | 2.90 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.67 | 2.73 | 1.11 | 1.67 | 0.00 | 8.12 | 5.68 |
2015 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.71 | 31.67 | 94.49 | 61.45 | 0.36 | 4.94 | 1.44 | 1.43 | 0.46 | 0.24 | 0.55 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.81 | 6.88 |
Period | p | Estimate | SE | t | Df | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference Site (China Camp) | ||||||
1 (1990–1994) | Year | 0.570 | −0.002 | 0.003 | −0.565 | 5 |
Channel | 0.959 | −0.001 | 0.023 | −0.050 | 5 | |
2 (1994–1999) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.031 | 0.005 | 6.361 | 5 |
Channel | 0.006 * | 0.163 | 0.058 | 2.839 | 5 | |
3 (1999–2005) | Year | 0.015 * | −0.009 | 0.004 | −2.461 | 5 |
Channel | 0.006 * | 0.166 | 0.059 | 2.809 | 5 | |
Total (1990–2005) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.006 | 0.001 | 4.981 | 5 |
Channel | 0.006 * | 0.129 | 0.046 | 2.823 | 5 | |
Restoration Site (Muzzi Marsh) | ||||||
1 (1990–1994) | Year | na | na | na | na | 5 |
Channel | na | na | na | na | 5 | |
2 (1994–1999) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.0076 | 0.002 | 3.954 | 5 |
Channel | 0.0847 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 1.713 | 5 | |
3 (1999–2005) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.006 | 0.002 | 3.865 | 5 |
Channel | 0.0032 * | 0.105 | 0.035 | 3.025 | 5 | |
Total (1990–2005) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.005 | 0.001 | 8.084 | 5 |
Channel | 0.007 * | 0.05148 | 0.019 | 2.747 | 5 |
Period | p | Estimate | SE | t | Df | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference Site (China Camp) | ||||||
1 (1990–1994) | Year | 0.089 | 0.034 | 0.020 | 1.694 | 5 |
Channel | 0.014 * | 0.047 | 0.019 | 2.455 | 5 | |
2 (1994–1999) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.155 | 0.0287 | 5.394 | 5 |
Channel | 0.022 * | 0.127 | 0.055 | 2.312 | 5 | |
3 (1999–2005) | Year | 0.650 | 0.023 | 0.007 | 3.381 | 5 |
Channel | 0.046 * | 0.104 | 0.055 | 1.871 | 5 | |
Total (1990–2005) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.055 | 0.010 | 5.776 | 5 |
Channel | 0.001 * | 0.085 | 0.026 | 3.31 | 5 | |
Restoration Site (Muzzi Marsh) | ||||||
1 (1990–1994) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.212 | 0.027 | 7.854 | 5 |
Channel | 0.453 | 0.030 | 0.041 | 0.742 | 5 | |
2 (1994–1999) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.370 | 0.032 | 11.42 | 5 |
Channel | 0.519 | 0.053 | 0.084 | 0.632 | 5 | |
3 (1999–2005) | Year | <0.000 * | −0.199 | 0.048 | −4.18 | 5 |
Channel | 0.636 | 0.040 | 0.087 | 0.464 | 5 | |
Total (1990–2005) | Year | <0.000 * | 0.174 | 0.011 | 16.456 | 5 |
Channel | 0.034 * | 0.085 | 0.040 | 2.115 | 5 |
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Chapple, D.E.; Faber, P.; Suding, K.N.; Merenlender, A.M. Climate Variability Structures Plant Community Dynamics in Mediterranean Restored and Reference Tidal Wetlands. Water 2017, 9, 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9030209
Chapple DE, Faber P, Suding KN, Merenlender AM. Climate Variability Structures Plant Community Dynamics in Mediterranean Restored and Reference Tidal Wetlands. Water. 2017; 9(3):209. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9030209
Chicago/Turabian StyleChapple, Dylan E., Phyllis Faber, Katharine N. Suding, and Adina M. Merenlender. 2017. "Climate Variability Structures Plant Community Dynamics in Mediterranean Restored and Reference Tidal Wetlands" Water 9, no. 3: 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9030209