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Peer-Review Record

Correlation between Landscape Pattern and Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation: A Case Study in the Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Northwest China

Land 2023, 12(11), 2004; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12112004
by Congrui Xu and Chuanhua Li *
Reviewer 1:
Reviewer 2: Anonymous
Reviewer 3:
Land 2023, 12(11), 2004; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12112004
Submission received: 18 September 2023 / Revised: 30 October 2023 / Accepted: 31 October 2023 / Published: 1 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Landscape Ecology)

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The significance of the correlation between landscape patterns and NPP is widely recognized. This study, based on a multiple linear regression model, analyzes this relationship and is of interest to scholars across various disciplines. Therefore, the manuscript can be accepted following a minor revision.Here is my suggestion for revision:

1. Why was the study area selected as the arid and semi-arid region of China's northwest?

2. What is the criteria or reference for defining the study area within the longitude range of 73°E to 123°E and latitude range of 32°N to 50°N?

3. As you mentioned in the introduction, human activities have a significant impact on landscape pattern, potentially resulting in environmental degradation, and this is extremely true. So, why was there no discussion regarding the correlation between human activities and landscape pattern in the study area?

Comments on the Quality of English Language

A curious expression appeared in line 479-782, which reads: "the improvements you mentioned are significant, and they provide valuable directions for future research to enhance the understanding of the correlation between landscape pattern changes and NPP in the Northwest arid and semi-arid region." Who is "you"? And what did "you" do? 

Author Response

Comments 1: Why was the study area selected as the arid and semi-arid region of China's northwest?

Response 1:Thank you for pointing this out. The arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China is one of the three natural areas in China. Combined with previous studies, there is a lack of research on landscape pattern and the relationship between landscape pattern and NPP in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China. As we all know, NPP is affected by climate change, and the relatively harsh climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation, etc.) in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China will affect NPP. Therefore, the arid and semi-arid area in northwest China, one of the three natural areas in China, is selected as the research area for ecological research, which can provide suggestions for the improvement of ecological environment in China's arid area and even the global arid area.

Comments 2: What is the criteria or reference for defining the study area within the longitude range of 73°E to 123°E and latitude range of 32°N to 50°N?

Response 2: Thank you for pointing this out. As mentioned in the answer to the question in Comment 1, the arid and semi-arid area in Northwest China is one of the three natural areas, and the boundary between the arid and semi-arid area in Northwest China and the other two natural areas is the 400mm iso-precipitation line and the line of Kunlun Mountains, Aljinshan Mountains and Qilian Mountains. The 400mm iso-precipitation is the dividing line between arid zone and monsoon zone, while the Kunlun Mountain - Aljinshan Mountain - Qilian Mountain line is the dividing line with the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region. Therefore, combined with latitude and longitude, it is not difficult to confirm the specific latitude and longitude range of arid and semi-arid areas in the northwest.

Comments 3: As you mentioned in the introduction, human activities have a significant impact on landscape pattern, potentially resulting in environmental degradation, and this is extremely true. So, why was there no discussion regarding the correlation between human activities and landscape pattern in the study area?

Response 3:Thank you for pointing this out. Thank you very much for helping me point out this oversight. As we all know, human activities will affect land use and then landscape pattern changes. Inner Mongolia covers the largest area in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China, and Inner Mongolia has more developed animal husbandry and frequent grazing activities. Therefore, the red part of lines 430-441 on page 12 of this study started from grazing in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China to supplement the influence of human activities.The added content is Human activities influence landscape patterns through land use changes, and in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China, human activities are primarily reflected in artificial grazing.From 2001 to 2010, the livestock population in Inner Mongolia increased significantly, reaching 30 million head, leading to increased grazing pressure and accelerated grassland degradation, subsequently affecting NPP[53]. The "Grazing Withdrawal program" proposed in the last century emphasizes the restoration of degraded grasslands by reducing grazing intensity.The implementation of this program has transformed some unused land into grasslands in certain areas within the study area[53-54]. With the initiation of the program, grazing pressure has decreased. For example, in the Alashan Desert Grassland, after a long period of grazing prohibition, grass biomass significantly increased, leading to an increase in vegetation net primary productivity in the region[55].

Point 1:A curious expression appeared in line 479-782, which reads: "the improvements you mentioned are significant, and they provide valuable directions for future research to enhance the understanding of the correlation between landscape pattern changes and NPP in the Northwest arid and semi-arid region." Who is "you"? And what did "you" do?

Response 4: Thank you very much for pointing out this problem. This sentence was incorrectly expressed due to my careless translation, and has now been corrected as follows: Overall,  the above research results are of great significance,and they provide valuable directions for future research to enhance the understanding of the correlation between landscape pattern changes and NPP in the Northwest arid and semi-arid  region. Thank you again for pointing out the problem. The revised sentence has been highlighted in red on page 15, lines 557-560.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 2 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

I have read and evaluated the manuscript titled "Correlation between landscape pattern and net primary productivity of vegetation: A case study in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China" submitted in the Land Journal. This study presents the influence of landscape patterns on the variation of the NPP and the correlation between them in different Land-Use classes based on different landscape pattern indices. I think the subject of the manuscript is fascinating and relevant, and the article can be published after major revision. Overall, the study is acceptable but the introduction can be improved by highlighting the importance of the methodology employed and by presenting what criteria were used for the choice of different landscape pattern indices.

The methods session should be reviewed. First of all, the authors must explain the methodology of NPP data extraction by introducing its equation and different factors and exhibiting its importance. Also, the selection of landscape indicators session must be revised by explaining the importance of each one and mentioning which indices were used in the correlation at the landscape levels and those used at the class level (the equation of the IJI index was missed and the equation of LSI index (or NLSI) exist but its explanation and utility was missed in the manuscript. I suggest adding the equation number to refer to each index in the manuscript and indicate their references (I ask you to be methodical and explanatory when writing the methodology to be clear to readers). Finally, I suggest modifying Fig. 2 by adding the grid scales used in this study to the Land-Use map to precise the spread of each class (All figures, except Fig. 3, in the manuscript must be modified to be more clearly readable).

The result session is well written but the interpretation part can be improved by further explaining the importance of the multilinear regression in this study (this part was explained in the conclusion session) and the conclusion session should be modified because it should highlight the general context and the most important finding of the study and enhance the future study and the perspectives if exist.

Additionally, I have a few additional comments listed below:

1/ Page 3 Fig. 1: the box in the left corner of the location of the Northwest area in China is related to which zone??. Also, all figures are not readable and must be regenerated and city names should be clearer (some locations as Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang are mentioned in the manuscript but not shown in the figures).

2/ Page 4 Fig. 2: The same remarque of the first figure and some Land Use classes like Build-up land are not clear.

3/ Page 6 line 220: You should explain the abbreviation of "VIF"

4/ Page Fig. 4: The figure must be modified to be readable so readers can differentiate the spatial spread of the NPP values.

5/ Page 8 line 309: replace "As shown in the figure below" with "As shown in table 5).

6/Page 9 line 334: replace "Table 5" with "Table 6".

7/ Page 9, lines 350-352: What is the utility of the sentence "Table 5 presents ...for different land use types" in the context because in the next sentences, the authors explained the importance of linear regression. I think that this sentence can be moved to another paragraph and replaced by a sentence presenting Table 7.

8/ Page 9, line 361: The authors show the importance of the beta coefficients but their values are not mentioned in Tab. 7.

9/ Page 9 Tab. 5 (Line 330) and Page 10, Tab. 6 (Line 370): In the note, you should replace "0.05 (Two tails)" with "0.1 (One tail)" because in the manuscript the authors write that values are significant at the 0.1 level and not at 0.05 (e. g. Page 9, line 342).

10/ Page 11, Tab. 8: the comparison was not indicated in the methodology session and I think the table needs more explanation so I suggest adding the year of each land class.

11/ Page 11, Lines 429 and 430: You should add the year of the references when you speak about the results of Zhao et al. and Zhang et al. and add the code of the reference.

12/ Page 12, Line 441: The authors mention that the study shows a weak correlation with NPP, I think that it will be better if you indicate the value of this correlation because returning to the table, I don't understand about which value do you speak.

My final decision is that the manuscript can be accepted after a major revision.

 

Comments on the Quality of English Language

In general, the quality of English is acceptable but a moderate revision is required.

Author Response

Comments 1: I have read and evaluated the manuscript titled "Correlation between landscape pattern and net primary productivity of vegetation: A case study in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China" submitted in the Land Journal. This study presents the influence of landscape patterns on the variation of the NPP and the correlation between them in different Land-Use classes based on different landscape pattern indices. I think the subject of the manuscript is fascinating and relevant, and the article can be published after major revision. Overall, the study is acceptable but the introduction can be improved by highlighting the importance of the methodology employed and by presenting what criteria were used for the choice of different landscape pattern indices.

Response 1:Thank you for pointing this out.In view of the modification of the introduction, I have made a more specific introduction to the multiple linear regression method and multiple linear regression equation mainly used in this study, and also added some explanations to the selected landscape pattern index. For specific changes, please refer to the red section on the second page, lines 63 to 84.The modified content is:There are numerous landscape pattern indices,and they can be broadly categorized into four major classes based on their different functions and meanings[22]:area and edge, shape, aggregation, and diversity.Area and edge indices can reflect the degree of fragmentation of the landscape pattern, shape indices can more specifically reflect the shape variation of patches, aggregation indices reflect the degree of aggregation between patches, and diversity indices can reflect the diversity of patch types.Therefore, whether a landscape pattern index can express fragmentation, aggregation,and diversity has become an important criterion for selecting landscape pattern indices.Previous studies have shown that the best indicators (most representative and suitable) at the class level and landscape level may be different[23]. Including all landscape pattern indices in the calculation may lead to redundancy[24]. Therefore, based on the premise that it can reflect changes in landscape pattern and also reflect factors like fragmentation and diversity, this study uses multiple linear regression and multiple linear regression equations to determine the best indices that can reflect changes in landscape pattern. Multiple linear regression refers to regression analysis with two or more independent variables.The variation of a phenomenon is often influenced by multiple factors, and regression including two or more independent variables is called multiple linear regression[25].The multiple linear regression equation can determine the degree of influence of each independent variable on the dependent variable based on the standardized coefficients. Therefore, in order to reduce the redundancy of calculating numerous landscape pattern indices and determine the proportion of influence of the selected landscape pattern indices, multiple linear regression is a better choice.

Comments 2:The methods session should be reviewed. First of all, the authors must explain the methodology of NPP data extraction by introducing its equation and different factors and exhibiting its importance. Also, the selection of landscape indicators session must be revised by explaining the importance of each one and mentioning which indices were used in the correlation at the landscape levels and those used at the class level (the equation of the IJI index was missed and the equation of LSI index (or NLSI) exist but its explanation and utility was missed in the manuscript. I suggest adding the equation number to refer to each index in the manuscript and indicate their references (I ask you to be methodical and explanatory when writing the methodology to be clear to readers). Finally, I suggest modifying Fig. 2 by adding the grid scales used in this study to the Land-Use map to precise the spread of each class (All figures, except Fig. 3, in the manuscript must be modified to be more clearly readable).

Response 2: Thank you very much for pointing out the above questions. For the landscape index selected in the paper, IJI's equation and the description of the meaning of NLSI have been added to the paper, and the specific positions are: Page 5, lines 194-198 (description of the meaning of NLSI):The Normalized Landscape Shape Index (NLSI) belongs to landscape shape indices and is capable of depicting the complexity of patch shapes.Consequently, it reflects the extent to which human activities influence the shape boundaries of that specific patch type.; Page 6, line 228.(IJI Equation and additions to the meaning of the equation). Figure 2 has also been added to the grid scale used in this study (100km×100km).Reference sources have been added to all equations.The extraction method of NPP data (adopted model) and so on are also described:Page4,line144-151:The data utilized an NPP estimation model established through the reference BIOME-BGC model and the light use efficiency model to simulate the annual NPP of terrestrial ecosystems.The pixel value represents the NPP value, indicating the sum of organic matter produced by photosynthesis throughout the year, minus the remaining portion after autotrophic respiration for the entire year[26].The MODIS NPP products have undergone comprehensive evaluation and have been widely applied.Their spatiotemporal patterns are consistent with similar products from representative regions and periods worldwide [27-32]. You suggested that I add the number of the equation to all the landscape pattern indices selected in the paper, and I would like to explain to you: Since the calculation of landscape pattern index is usually run in the software Fragstats, and the result of running out of the software is only the landscape pattern index (a number), but does not reflect the calculation process of the index, equations 2-1 to 2-6 are designed to explain the specific calculation method and calculation principle of the selected landscape pattern index. Therefore, I would like to discuss with you that the landscape pattern index in the article may not need the blessing of the calculation equation, because the equation only represents the calculation principle and calculation formula of the index, and cannot represent anything else.Finally, please allow me to consult with you. I did not think clearly what you meant by "unreadable picture". Before you gave me your reply, I had modified all the pictures in the paper and made high-resolution pictures in tiff format: 1. The general map of the research area has enlarged the city names. The reason why "Inner Mongolia" and "Xinjiang" do not appear in the map is that only the provincial capital city names are marked on the map, while "Inner Mongolia" and "Xinjiang" are the province names, so they are not marked. 2. Land use map for 2020: The grid scale used in this paper has been added to the map: 100km fishing net. 3. The NPP variation chart from 2001 to 2020 has been changed from 4 to 6, which can more clearly see the change of NPP value. The above are my changes to the diagram, please kindly make more detailed evaluation and criticism of my diagram, I will continue to revise after receiving your evaluation again.

Comments 3:The result session is well written but the interpretation part can be improved by further explaining the importance of the multilinear regression in this study (this part was explained in the conclusion session) and the conclusion session should be modified because it should highlight the general context and the most important finding of the study and enhance the future study and the perspectives if exist.

Response 3:Thank you for your suggestions on my discussion part and the conclusion part. According to your suggestions, I have further elaborated the multiple linear regression method in the discussion part and removed this part in the conclusion part. Changes to the discussion section: Page 14, lines 482-492:Landscape indices are typically selected based on the characteristics of the indices themselves[61-62].As mentioned earlier, landscape indices can be categorized into four major groups: area and edge, shape and aggregation, and diversity.While there are numerous and diverse landscape indices to choose from, they can provide overlapping information.Therefore, in this study, we used a combination of multiple linear regression equations and the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) to select indices in order to reduce overlap.The results of the multiple linear regression equation reveal which indices have a significant impact on NPP under different landscape categories, allowing for targeted addition of landscape types to enhance the NPP of the study area.The choice of scale is another important aspect of landscape pattern research, as it directly affects the accuracy and reliability of the results [63]; Changes to the conclusion: Lines 569 -584 on page 15:In the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China,the overall trend of vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) has shown an increase over the past 20 years.The high NPP values are primarily concentrated in the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia and the northern part of Xinjiang, while Gansu Province is characterized by low NPP values. The spatial variation of NPP is not only related to land use type changes in the study area but also influenced by factors such as crop yield,which affect the vegetation's carbon sequestration capacity.From the perspective of landscape pattern, different landscape types are influenced by different factors, leading to variations in NPP.An increase in landscape fragmentation,diversity,and aggregation will all contribute to an increase in NPP.Therefore,during landscape pattern optimization and ecological environment management,different landscape types contribute to NPP to varying degrees, and their carbon sequestration capacities differ as well.Only by setting up appropriate landscape types can regional NPP growth be promoted.Thus,rational planning of landscape types can create opportunities for NPP growth.These research findings provide valuable suggestions for optimizing landscape patterns.

Comments 4:1/ Page 3 Fig. 1: the box in the left corner of the location of the Northwest area in China is related to which zone??. Also, all figures are not readable and must be regenerated and city names should be clearer (some locations as Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang are mentioned in the manuscript but not shown in the figures).

Response 4:The box at the top left is intended to make the reader more aware of the specific location of the arid and semi-arid northwest region in China. Corresponding changes have been made on the diagram to address the problem you raised.

Comments 5:2/ Page 4 Fig. 2: The same remarque of the first figure and some Land Use classes like Build-up land are not clear.

Response 5:Due to the small area of construction land in the arid and semi-arid region of northwest China, it is difficult to see from the land use map that the specific location of construction land is near Urumqi and Hohhot.

Comments 6:3/ Page 6 line 220: You should explain the abbreviation of "VIF"

Response 6:According to your suggestion, the explanation of VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) has been highlighted in the article, the specific position is: page 7, lines 269 -272.(VIF:Variance Inflation Factor,refers to the ratio of variance when there is multicollinearity between explanatory variables to variance when there is no multicollinearity. The value of VIF is greater than 1. The closer the VIF value is to 1, the lighter the multicollinearity is, and the heavier it is.)

Comments 7:4/ Page Fig. 4: The figure must be modified to be readable so readers can differentiate the spatial spread of the NPP values.

Response 7:Thank you for pointing out the problem, which has been modified.

Comments 8:5/ Page 8 line 309: replace "As shown in the figure below" with "As shown in table 5).

Response 8:Thank you for pointing out the problem, which is caused by my carelessness and negligence caused by not carefully checking the paper. Thank you very much for reading my paper carefully and helping me find such a detailed problem. Changes have been made.

Comments 9:6/Page 9 line 334: replace "Table 5" with "Table 6".

Response 9:Thank you for pointing out the problem, which is caused by my carelessness and negligence caused by not carefully checking the paper. Thank you very much for reading my paper carefully and helping me find such a detailed problem. Changes have been made.

Comments 10:7/ Page 9, lines 350-352: What is the utility of the sentence "Table 5 presents ...for different land use types" in the context because in the next sentences, the authors explained the importance of linear regression. I think that this sentence can be moved to another paragraph and replaced by a sentence presenting Table 7.

Response 10:Thank you for pointing out the problem, which has been revised. The revised content is as follows: lines 394-395 on page 11:”Table 7 shows the multiple linear regression equations calculated for different land use types.”

Comments 11:8/ Page 9, line 361: The authors show the importance of the beta coefficients but their values are not mentioned in Tab. 7.

Response 11:Thank you for pointing out the question. In the multiple linear regression equation, Beta coefficient is an important coefficient that reflects the importance of factors. In this study, the multiple linear regression equation on the cultivated land level is taken as an example: 0.66×NP+0.21×TE, where 0.66 is the standardization coefficient (beta) of factor NP, 0.21 is the standardization coefficient (beta) of factor TE, and so on.

Comments 12:9/ Page 9 Tab. 5 (Line 330) and Page 10, Tab. 6 (Line 370): In the note, you should replace "0.05 (Two tails)" with "0.1 (One tail)" because in the manuscript the authors write that values are significant at the 0.1 level and not at 0.05 (e. g. Page 9, line 342).

Response 12:Thank you for pointing out the problem, it has been revised: 371-374 lines on page 10, 413-416 lines on page 11.Note: * * indicates significant correlation at the level of 0.01 (two-tailed); * indicates that the correlation is significant at the level of 0.1 (one tail). Abbreviation: NP, number of plaques; TE, total edge length; IJI, dispersion and juxtaposition index; NLSI, normalized landscape shape index.

Comments 13:10/ Page 11, Tab. 8: the comparison was not indicated in the methodology session and I think the table needs more explanation so I suggest adding the year of each land class.

Response 13:Thank you for your suggestion. Since the land use transfer matrix is not the main research method in this study, it only reflects the area transformation of each land use type in the arid and semi-arid region of Northwest China in the discussion part. Thus the introduction to the land use transfer matrix is supplemented in the discussion, as is the year of the matrix: pages 13, lines 461-470, and the table is modified: line 478:Table 8 presents the land use transition matrix for the arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China from 2001 to 2020. The land use transition matrix is used to clearly express the changes in the area of each land use type over the 20-year period. From the land use transition matrix, it can be observed that, except for water bodies, all other land use types have undergone significant changes.Over the course of 20 years, 36515.51 km²of grassland was converted into cultivated land, while 8735.64 km²was converted into unused land.Additionally,9911.24 km²of cultivated land was converted into grassland, and 974.82 km²of forested land was converted into grassland. The mutual conversion of areas between cultivated land, forest, and grassland has led to changes in NPP values.

Comments 14:11/ Page 11, Lines 429 and 430: You should add the year of the references when you speak about the results of Zhao et al. and Zhang et al. and add the code of the reference.

Response 14:Thank you for pointing out the problem, which is caused by my carelessness and negligence caused by not carefully checking the paper. Thank you very much for reading my paper carefully and helping me find such a detailed problem. Changes have been made:Page 14, lines 503-507.

Comments 15:12/ Page 12, Line 441: The authors mention that the study shows a weak correlation with NPP, I think that it will be better if you indicate the value of this correlation because returning to the table, I don't understand about which value do you speak.

Response 15:Thank you very much for your suggestion, for which the index with weak correlation with NPP has been added on page 14 of the discussion section, lines 517-523:The individual landscape pattern indices calculated in this study show a relatively weak correlation with net primary productivity (NPP).For instance, at the landscape level, the diversity index (SHDI) has a low correlation with NPP.At the class level, the number of patches for grassland(NP), total edge length for unused land (TE), and dispersion and juxtaposition index for built-up land (IJI) also exhibit weak correlations with NPP. This may be attributed to the relatively low data resolution used in the study.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

Dear Authors,

Congratulations for the submitted article, I really appreciate your hard work and, to improve it, I have some suggestions, hoping they'll be helpful:

1. Please be more specific about the research region - in several places (including the Abstract) you mention "northwest arid and semi-arid region", without using China, meaning that the location isn't known before "Materials and Methods".

2. Pay attention how you mention the figures in the text - for Figure 1 and Figure 2 you use "figure below", then you are using Figure 3 and Figure 4. Nevertheless, under each figure you use "Fig. .....", which isn't correct. Please replace with "Figure ...." (in Bold).

3. Same case for Tables and Tab. Please correct both, figures and tables.

4. Also, tables don't have the same size and they aren't correctly included in the text, between the numbered rows (see Tables 2-4). Table 8 needs a smaller font and fit to the window.

5. Equations aren't clearly explained and there are no reference to them in the text, making difficult to understand what are they representing. 

6. REFERENCES are all wrong - you need to check again the format and write them accordingly. 

7. A really big issue is that, all over the paper, there are missing spaces! - between sentences and measurement units, before citations, in formulas/equations and so on.

Thank you in advance for making the necessary adjustments and good luck in your activity!

Best regards,

Comments on the Quality of English Language

Dear Authors, 

The English language is fine, excepting the missing spaces, as I mentioned in my initial comments.

Best regards,

Author Response

Response 1: Thank you for your questions, which have been revised both in the abstract and in the introduction in relation to the study area. Page 2: Line 90; Lines 96-97; Page three, line 109.

Response 2: Thank you for your questions, The title of the graph and table in the paper has been modified.

Response 3: Thank you for your questions, The title of the graph and table in the paper has been modified.

Response 4:Thank you for your questions, the tables you mentioned with the wrong format have been modified to the correct format.

Response 5:Thank you for your questions,The reference on the calculation equation of landscape pattern index has been added in the article, the calculation of landscape pattern is usually carried out in the middle of Fragstats, and the landscape pattern index obtained in the software is only a number without the calculation process and calculation principle, and the equation 2-1 to 2-6 only appears as the function of reflecting the calculation principle of the selected landscape pattern index.

Response 6:Thank you very much for carefully checking my references, which made me find the format problem of my references, and I have modified the format of the references.

Response 7:Thank you very much for carefully checking my paper. The Spaces that should not appear in the paper have been deleted.

 

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Round 2

Reviewer 2 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

All comments are well-revised.

Comments on the Quality of English Language

The English quality is acceptable

Author Response

Thank you very much for your suggestions on the revision of the paper.

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

Dear Authors, 

Thank you also for taking into consideration my suggeston, but the paper still has several issues related to the way in which the manuscript is written:

1. PAY ATTENTION: after which punctuation mark (".", ",", ":", "?", "!") there should be a SPACE! You almost missed all of them... please correct this.

2. For the titles, there are still incorrect - NO "Figure.1" or "Table.1", BUT "Figure 1." and "Table 1." (same for all figures and tables)!!!!

3. REFERENCES are still a disaster!!!!! All the spaces are missing, so that you can't even understand where the title stops and where the journal's name begins. Except this, see rows 584-585, 588-591, 690-693 and others, with wrong alignment and huge blank spaces.

Sorry for not having a positive response and I hope that the revised version of the manuscript is going to be ready to be published.

Best wishes,

Comments on the Quality of English Language

Dear Authors,

Except my comments related to missing spaces, wrong titles for tables and figures, the English language is fine.

Author Response

Thank you very much for your suggestions on the revision of the paper. All your suggestions have been adopted and revised.

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