Revetment Affects Nitrogen Removal and N2O Emission at the Urban River–Riparian Interface
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Field Sampling
2.2. Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
2.3. Plant Biomass Measurements
2.4. Nitrifying and Denitrifying Microorganisms
2.5. Nitrification and Denitrification Potentials
2.6. N2O Emission Rate
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Plant Biomass Characteristics
3.2. Nitrification, Denitrification Potential, and N2O Emission Characteristics
3.3. Nitrification and Denitrification Gene Abundance Characteristics
3.4. Interactions within Soil Ecosystems
3.5. Correlation and Redundancy Analysis of Soil Ecosystems and the Abundance of Nitrification and Denitrification Microbial Genes
3.6. Structural Equation Model
4. Discussion
4.1. Revetment Affects AOA, AOB, nirS, nirK, nosZI, nosZII at RRI
4.2. Revetment Affects Denitrification Potential at RRI
4.3. Revetment Affects N2O Emissions at RRI
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Abbreviations | Full Name |
RRI | River–riparian interface |
PR | Permeable revetment |
NR | Natural revetment |
IR | Impermeable revetment |
NP | Nitrification potential |
DP | Denitrification potential |
TP | Total porosity |
CP | Capillary porosity |
AFP | Air-filled porosity |
ORP | Oxidation–reduction potential |
TN | Total nitrogen |
SOM | Soil organic matter |
AB | Plant aboveground biomass |
UB | Plant underground biomass |
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Denitrification | Direct Effects | Indirect Effects | Total Effects |
---|---|---|---|
nirK | 0.87 | 0 | 0.87 |
C/N | 0 | −0.6003 | −0.6003 |
NO3− | 0 | −0.1218 | −0.1218 |
NP | −0.28 | −0.099876 | −0.379876 |
AOA | 0 | −0.266 | −0.266 |
UB | 0 | −0.20216 | −0.20216 |
N2O Emissions | Direct Effects | Indirect Effects | Total Effects |
nosZII | −0.56 | 0 | −0.56 |
nosZI | −0.04 | 0 | −0.04 |
nirS | −0.29 | −0.112 | −0.402 |
NO3− | 0 | −0.7115 | −0.7115 |
AB | −0.36 | −0.2253 | −0.5853 |
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Man, Z.; Xie, C.; Jiang, R.; Wang, J.; Qin, Y.; Che, S. Revetment Affects Nitrogen Removal and N2O Emission at the Urban River–Riparian Interface. Land 2024, 13, 1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081310
Man Z, Xie C, Jiang R, Wang J, Qin Y, Che S. Revetment Affects Nitrogen Removal and N2O Emission at the Urban River–Riparian Interface. Land. 2024; 13(8):1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081310
Chicago/Turabian StyleMan, Zihao, Changkun Xie, Ruiyuan Jiang, Jin Wang, Yifeng Qin, and Shengquan Che. 2024. "Revetment Affects Nitrogen Removal and N2O Emission at the Urban River–Riparian Interface" Land 13, no. 8: 1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081310