Ecological Status Assessment of Permafrost-Affected Soils in the Nadym Region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russian Arctic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Soil Sampling
2.3. Laboratory Experiments
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Physicochemical Properties of Permafrost-Affected Soils in the Nadym Region
3.2. Concentrations of Metal Elements in Permafrost-Affected Soils in the Nadym Region
3.3. Sources of Metal Elements in Permafrost Affected Soils of the Nadym Region
3.4. Ecological Status Assessment in the Nadym Region
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sites | Latitude (°N) | Longitude (°E) | Elevation (m) | Land Cover Types |
---|---|---|---|---|
TD | 65.59 | 72.07 | 38 | Tundra |
AF | 65.34 | 72.98 | 20 | Abandoned farmland |
UA | 65.53 | 72.56 | 10 | Urban area |
Sites | Horizon | Depth (cm) | Description |
---|---|---|---|
TD | Soil type: Histic Cryosols | ||
O | 0–20 | Moss, ledum, lingonberry, cranberry, and lichen | |
AO | 20–50 | Coarse humification, black, moist, loose, and rich roots | |
CRMg | 50–70 | Thixotropic, cryometamorphic, sticky, fluid, and gleyic | |
TT⊥@ | >70 | Permafrost | |
AF | Soil types: Plaggic Podzols (Arenic, Gelic, and Turbic) | ||
AO | 0–5 | Fresh, coarsely decomposed, opal, many roots, boundary of slight wavy and gradual transition | |
AYpa,e | 5–18 | Black with gray spots, podzolic process in the lower part, compacted, fresh, light loam, roots, smooth boundary, and sharp transition | |
BF | 18–32 | Illuvial-ferruginous, compacted, fresh, light gray color with pale ocher spots, slightly wavy boundary, sharp transition in color, and roots | |
BC | 32–53 | Fresh, compacted sandy loam, pale gray with ochre spots, slightly wavy boundary, and gradual transition | |
C | 53–70 | Turbo-charge, dense, gray with ocher spots, streaks, fresh, sand, and permafrost below | |
UA | Soil type: Ekranic Technosols (Umbric) | ||
AYur | 0–20 | Gray-humus, containing inclusions of anthropogenic artifacts, compacted, possibly previously covered with a layer of asphalt or concrete | |
BFur | 20–50 | Illuvial-ferruginous, fresh, and compacted | |
C | 50–140 | Sand with ribbons of ferruginous color (possibly infiltrations along tree roots) |
Soil Physicochemical Properties | TD | AF | UA | Mean (Min–Max) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SOC (%) | 8.59 ± 8.27 (0.32–16.85) | 2.28 ± 2.51 (0.03–6.07) | 1.32 ± 1.62 (0.09–3.61) | 3.25 ± 4.99 (0.03–16.85) |
TN (%) | 0.27 ± 0.28 (0.07–0.66) | 0.16 ± 0.11 (0.01–0.33) | 0.09 ± 0.04 (0.05–0.14) | 0.17 ± 0.18 (0.01–0.66) |
C/N | 14.94 ± 10.45 (4.49–25.38) | 10.75 ± 10.36 (2.86–29.90) | 10.78 ± 11.23 (0.99–26.51) | 11.60 ± 10.78 (0.99–29.90) |
pH | 6.13 ± 0.66 (5.20–6.70) | 6.08 ± 0.47 (5.30–6.60) | 5.97 ± 0.05 (5.90–6.00) | 6.06 ± 0.47 (5.20–6.70) |
Clay (%, <0.002 mm) | 25.70 ± 9.73 (15.97–35.43) | 15.28 ± 3.37 (9.85–18.41) | 6.36 ± 0.86 (5.30–7.41) | 14.62 ± 8.75 (5.30–35.43) |
Silt (%, 0.002–0.05 mm) | 37.54 ± 2.42 (35.12–39.95) | 24.73 ± 5.00 (18.43–30.41) | 3.70 ± 2.41 (0.66–6.56) | 20.56 ± 13.45 (0.66–39.95) |
Sand (%, >0.05 mm) | 36.77 ± 7.32 (29.45–44.08) | 59.99 ± 7.70 (51.86–68.85) | 89.94 ± 3.28 (86.03–94.05) | 64.81 ± 20.92 (29.45–94.05) |
Metal Elements (mg kg−1) | Mean | Max | Min | CV | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe | 5598.86 | 9884.30 | 811.50 | 47.38 | 2652.94 |
Mn | 91.25 | 213.90 | 12.70 | 74.66 | 68.13 |
Zn | 12.24 | 18.90 | 3.51 | 36.22 | 4.43 |
As | 1.26 | 2.33 | 0.48 | 44.42 | 0.56 |
Cr | ~11.82 | 27.68 | <0.10 | ~65.52 | ~7.74 |
Ni | 5.85 | 10.20 | 1.17 | 46.26 | 2.71 |
Cu | 4.54 | 14.20 | 0.81 | 75.64 | 3.44 |
Pb | ~4.08 | 17.40 | <0.10 | ~112.49 | ~4.59 |
Sites | PLI | mCd |
---|---|---|
Tundra | 0.38 ± 0.23 | 0.51 ± 0.23 |
Abandoned farmland | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.48 ± 0.02 |
Urban area | 0.30 ± 0.24 | 0.39 ± 0.33 |
mean ± SD | 0.38 ± 0.18 | 0.46 ± 0.21 |
MEs | Bacground Value a | This Study | Salekhard bc | Gydan Peninsula d | Taimyr Peninsula e | Yukon f | Spitsbergen g | Barents Region h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe | 22,300 | 5599 | 23,100 | 23,494 | 19,400 | 26,200 | 10,900/25,800 | 1970/38,817 |
Mn | 339 | 91.25 | 399 | 533 | - | 487.10 | 239/420 | 126/465 |
Zn | 31 | 12.24 | 43/19.44 | 44.30 | 86.80 | - | 66/55 | 46/25.50 |
As | 4.04 | 1.26 | 11.50/8 | 4.04 | 2.10 | - | 3.47/6.60 | - |
Cr | 42 | 11.82 | 90.70/92.80 | - | - | - | 18.40/42.10 | 2.91/35.20 |
Ni | 6.34/13 | 5.85 | 21.50/15.80 | - | 29 | 40.11 | 12/21.20 | 9.18/16.10 |
Cu | 8.70 | 4.54 | 9.10 | - | 26.70 | 40.21 | 10.20/15.10 | 9.69/10.50 |
Pb | 9.90 | 4.08 | 15.40/17.90 | 8.24 | 6.20 | 6.50 | 11.09/11.40 | 18.80/3.05 |
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Wang, W.; Nizamutdinov, T.; Pechkin, A.; Morgun, E.; Li, G.; Wu, X.; Yang, S.; Abakumov, E. Ecological Status Assessment of Permafrost-Affected Soils in the Nadym Region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russian Arctic. Land 2024, 13, 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091406
Wang W, Nizamutdinov T, Pechkin A, Morgun E, Li G, Wu X, Yang S, Abakumov E. Ecological Status Assessment of Permafrost-Affected Soils in the Nadym Region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russian Arctic. Land. 2024; 13(9):1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091406
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Wenjuan, Timur Nizamutdinov, Aleksander Pechkin, Eugeniya Morgun, Gensheng Li, Xiaodong Wu, Sizhong Yang, and Evgeny Abakumov. 2024. "Ecological Status Assessment of Permafrost-Affected Soils in the Nadym Region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russian Arctic" Land 13, no. 9: 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091406