The Cognitive Mechanisms of Residents under the Background of the Renewal of Suburban Historical and Cultural Villages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypotheses Development
2.1. Nostalgia and Collective Memory
2.2. Collective Memory, Subjective Well-Being, and Place Identity
2.2.1. Collective Memory and Subjective Well-Being
2.2.2. Collective Memory and Place Identity
2.2.3. Subjective Well-Being and Place Identity
2.3. Positive Tourism Effects, Collective Memory, Subjective Well-Being, and Place Identity
2.4. Mediating and Chain Mediating Effect of Collective Memory and Subjective Well-Being
3. Research Design and Methods
3.1. Study Site
3.2. Research Design
3.3. Validation of the Hypothesis Background
3.4. Research Methodology and Data Sources
4. Results
4.1. Analysis of Validity of Questionnaire Samples
4.2. Hypothesis Testing
4.2.1. Structural Equation Model Testing
4.2.2. Results of Structural Equation Modeling
4.2.3. Mediation Effect Test
5. Conclusions and Discussion
5.1. Conclusions
5.2. Discussion
5.3. Theoretical Contributions
5.4. Practical Contributions
5.5. Limitations and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Nostalgia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I miss the natural scenery and natural landscape of the former Naobao Village | |||||
I miss the buildings, the courtyards, the streets and so on of the old village | |||||
I can recall my former relatives and friends in the village of Naobao | |||||
Being in the village of Naobao can remind me of happy or sad things in my past | |||||
I miss the neighbors I used to have | |||||
I miss the lively atmosphere when friends and family gathered together | |||||
I miss where I used to live | |||||
I miss the way I used to live |
Place Identity | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I think the natural environment and climatic conditions of Naobao Village are suitable for living | |||||
I think the landscape of the village is very beautiful. I like the present landscape very much | |||||
I think the life in Naobao Village is very convenient, all kinds of living facilities are very perfect | |||||
I think the residents of Naobao Village are very warm and friendly, and the social order is very good | |||||
I think Naobao Village has better protected the local regional culture | |||||
In my opinion, Naobao Village has better preserved and inherited the local landscape style | |||||
I think the folk activities and festivals in Naobao Village can reflect the local traditional culture | |||||
I feel that I am a part of the Naobao Village, and I will be proud to be a Naobao Village resident | |||||
I think Naobao Village has many advantages that other villages do not have | |||||
Living in Naobao Village gave me a strong sense of belonging | |||||
The village of Naobao and its people are of great significance to me | |||||
I think the future development of Naobao Village is closely related to me | |||||
I would like to contribute to the future development of the village | |||||
I very much agree with the current Naobao Village |
Collective Memory | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
I was able to point out exactly where the village of Naobao used to be | |||||
I know very well the local character of the village of Naobao in the past | |||||
I remember very well the former natural scenery and scenery of the village of Naobao | |||||
I remember very well the old buildings, the courtyards, the streets, etc. | |||||
I remember very well the intercourse between the old neighbors of the village of Naobao | |||||
I remember very well the festivals, performances, customs and so on in the past | |||||
I remember very clearly the life that my family and I lived in the village of Naobao | |||||
I remember very well the happy and sad things that I used to experience in the village of Naobao | |||||
I miss my past village very much, often with the feeling of not giving up | |||||
I have a deep memory of the village of Naobao in the past |
Subjective Well-Being | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
If I could live my life over again, I would change almost nothing | |||||
The living conditions I have been living in Naobao Village have been very good | |||||
I’m happy with my life right now | |||||
I’ve got the most important thing I ever wanted in life | |||||
My life in Naobao Village is close to my ideal life in the future | |||||
I believe I will live a happier life in Naobao Village |
Positive Tourism Effects | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Tourism development has promoted the economic development of Naobao Village | |||||
The development of tourism has promoted the social development of Naobao Village | |||||
The development of tourism has promoted the cultural development of Naobao Village |
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Item | Type | Frequency | Item | Type | Frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Man | 138 | Length of residence | <1 year | 44 |
Woman | 212 | 1–5 years | 29 | ||
Other | 3 | 6–10 years | 31 | ||
Age | ≤19 | 29 | 11–15 years | 34 | |
20–29 | 76 | >15 years | 215 | ||
30–39 | 70 | Degree of education | Junior high school and below | 162 | |
40–49 | 71 | High school and secondary school | 103 | ||
50–59 | 41 | Junior college and undergraduate | 84 | ||
≥60 | 66 | Graduate student | 4 | ||
Nationality | The Han nationality | 274 | Average monthly earnings (yuan) | ≤2000 | 168 |
Manchu nationality | 13 | 2001–3000 | 93 | ||
Mongolian nationality | 32 | 3001–5000 | 73 | ||
Other | 34 | >5000 | 19 | ||
Whether grew up in this village | Yes | 211 | |||
No | 142 |
Latent Variable | Cronbach’s α | AVE | CR | Bartlett’s | KMO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nostalgia | 0.873 | 0.682 | 0.881 | 1015.998 | 0.843 |
Collective Memory | 0.787 | 0.719 | 0.785 | 1466.842 | 0.896 |
Subjective Well-being | 0.891 | 0.637 | 0.892 | 1368.953 | 0.882 |
Place Identity | 0.914 | 0.640 | 0.916 | 1611.725 | 0.895 |
Positive Tourism Effects | 0.724 | 0.565 | 0.720 | 155.677 | 0.751 |
Dimensions | Number | Average Value | Standard Deviation | Load-Carrying Capacity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nostalgia | Chi-square value of Bartlett’s test: 1015.99: KMO = 0.843609 | ||||
Experience Nostalgia | Landscape Nostalgia | Indicator 1 | 3.312 | 0.958 | 0.665 |
Indicator 2 | 3.235 | 0.973 | 0.782 | ||
Emotional Nostalgia | Indicator 3 | 3.850 | 0.88 | 0.615 | |
Indicator 4 | 3.791 | 0.985 | 0.725 | ||
Social Nostalgia | Social Nostalgia | Indicator 5 | 3.766 | 0.981 | 0.749 |
Indicator 6 | 3.809 | 0.989 | 0.613 | ||
Historical Nostalgia | Indicator 7 | 3.586 | 1.009 | 0.643 | |
Indicator 8 | 3.353 | 1.107 | 0.675 | ||
Collective Memory | Chi-square value of Bartlett’s test: 1611.72; KMO = 0.895725 | ||||
Physical Memory | Historical Memory | Indicator 9 | 3.923 | 0.916 | 0.757 |
Indicator 10 | 3.900 | 0.839 | 0.686 | ||
Landscape Memory | Indicator 11 | 4.022 | 0.882 | 0.783 | |
Indicator 12 | 3.968 | 0.845 | 0.763 | ||
Immaterial memory | Sociocultural Memory | Indicator 13 | 3.921 | 0.912 | 0.726 |
Indicator 14 | 3.994 | 0.819 | 0.714 | ||
Affect Memory | Indicator 15 | 3.954 | 0.808 | 0.723 | |
Indicator 16 | 3.832 | 0.953 | 0.658 | ||
Indicator 17 | 3.787 | 0.854 | 0.679 | ||
Place Identity | Chi-square value of Bartlett’s test: 1466.84; KMO = 0.896590 | ||||
Environmental identity | Landscape Identity | Indicator 18 | 4.163 | 0.767 | 0.618 |
Indicator 19 | 4.318 | 0.76 | 0.677 | ||
Social Identity | Indicator 20 | 4.114 | 0.8 | 0.672 | |
Indicator 21 | 4.272 | 0.954 | 0.753 | ||
Historical Identity | Indicator 22 | 3.786 | 0.912 | 0.666 | |
Indicator 23 | 3.701 | 0.929 | 0.649 | ||
Indicator 24 | 4.030 | 0.829 | 0.615 | ||
Affective commitment | Distinctiveness | Indicator 25 | 4.153 | 0.796 | 0.574 |
Indicator 26 | 4.105 | 0.77 | 0.657 | ||
Attachment | Indicator 27 | 4.129 | 0.782 | 0.656 | |
Indicator 28 | 4.014 | 0.801 | 0.617 | ||
Commitment | Indicator 29 | 4.020 | 0.826 | 0.714 | |
Indicator 30 | 4.113 | 0.739 | 0.743 | ||
Subjective Well-being | Chi-square value of Bartlett’s test: 935.18; KMO = 0.955173 | ||||
Historical Well-being | Indicator 31 | 4.133 | 0.792 | 0.759 | |
Indicator 32 | 4.061 | 0.816 | 0.726 | ||
Present Well-being | Indicator 33 | 3.981 | 0.816 | 0.695 | |
Indicator 34 | 4.034 | 0.915 | 0.712 | ||
Expected Well-being | Indicator 35 | 3.886 | 0.926 | 0.716 | |
Indicator 36 | 3.973 | 0.769 | 0.658 | ||
Positive Tourism Effects | Chi-square value of Bartlett’s test: 155.67; KMO = 0.651785 | ||||
Economic Effect | Indicator 37 | 4.173 | 0.603 | 0.545 | |
Social Effect | Indicator 38 | 4.432 | 0.546 | 0.767 | |
Cultural Effect | Indicator 39 | 4.589 | 0.55 | 0.711 |
Absolute Fit Index | Normed Fit Index | Relative Fit Index | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicators | CMIN/DF | GFI | AGFI | RMR | PGFI | PNFI | CFI | NFI | IFI |
Standard | ≤5 | >0.8 | >0.8 | <0.05 | >0.5 | >0.5 | >0.8 | >0.8 | >0.8 |
Model | 4.543 | 0.877 | 0.822 | 0.047 | 0.697 | 0.739 | 0.919 | 0.761 | 0.826 |
Path | UNSTD | S.E. | C.R. | STD | p | Cohen’s d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nostalgia <--> Collective Memory | 0.241 | 0.043 | 6.621 | 0.575 | 0.003 | 0.755 |
Collective Memory <--> Subjective Well-being | 0.368 | 0.092 | 6.429 | 0.574 | 0.000 | 1.016 |
Collective Memory --> Place identity | 0.342 | 0.065 | 4.711 | 0.452 | 0.001 | 1.189 |
Subjective Well-being --> Place identity | 0.517 | 0.122 | 3.454 | 0.418 | 0.000 | 0.928 |
Positive Tourism Effects --> Collective Memory | 0.552 | 0.145 | 4.578 | 0.384 | 0.000 | 1.122 |
Positive Tourism Effects --> Place Identity | 0.284 | 0.126 | 2.648 | 0.201 | 0.027 | 0.533 |
Positive Tourism Effects --> Subjective Well-being | 0.477 | 0.118 | 4.147 | 0.324 | 0.000 | 0.995 |
Path | Standardized Coefficient | 95% Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|
Collective memory --> Subjective Well-being --> Place identity | 0.274 | [0.197, 0.362] |
Subjective well-being --> Collective Memory --> Place identity | 0.315 | [0.242, 0.370] |
Positive Tourism Effects --> Collective Memory --> Place identity | 0.309 | [0.233, 0.359] |
Positive Tourism Effects --> Subjective Well-being --> Place identity | 0.417 | [0.346, 0.473] |
Positive Tourism Effects --> Collective Memory --> Subjective well-being --> Place identity | 0.176 | [0.082, 0.248] |
Nostalgia --> Collective Memory --> Subjective Well-being --> Place identity | 0.058 | [0.023, 0.078] |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Li, M.; Wu, T.; Zhong, L.; Tang, C.; Wang, J.; Yi, R. The Cognitive Mechanisms of Residents under the Background of the Renewal of Suburban Historical and Cultural Villages. Land 2024, 13, 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091465
Li M, Wu T, Zhong L, Tang C, Wang J, Yi R. The Cognitive Mechanisms of Residents under the Background of the Renewal of Suburban Historical and Cultural Villages. Land. 2024; 13(9):1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091465
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Meng, Tiehong Wu, Linsheng Zhong, Chengcai Tang, Jingwen Wang, and Ruhan Yi. 2024. "The Cognitive Mechanisms of Residents under the Background of the Renewal of Suburban Historical and Cultural Villages" Land 13, no. 9: 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091465