Resource Management in SDN-Based Cloud and SDN-Based Fog Computing: Taxonomy Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology of the Literature Review
3. SDN-Based Cloud Resource Management in Network Performance Improvement
3.1. Resources Management Based on QoS Constraints
3.2. Priority-Aware Resources Management
3.3. QoS-Aware Resources Management
3.4. Contributions on VM Migration Task in Resources Management
4. SDN-Based Cloud Computing Resource Management in Energy Efficiency
5. SDN-Based Fog Computing
6. Open Issues
- Power savings is a challenge, along with several related issues such as data transferring, powered devices, and energy wastage.
- The network performance can be enhanced by considering the awareness of the resources management algorithm and considering the bandwidth due to its impact on the overall performance. Moreover, control over resources leads to performance improvement.
- There has been always a tradeoff relationship between the network performance and power optimization due to the consequences resulting from overutilized and underutilized resources. Only few researches manage to find a balanced relationship between the two variables.
- Dynamic deterministic of the overall objective from a set of objectives, such as the minimizing delay or maximizing reliability, based on the application type is an open issue.
- Most research focused on the Central Processing Unit (CPU) as the most dominant factors in energy consumption. Even though it is considered as a high-power consumer element in PM, but other important factors are being neglected, such as RAM, network card, and storage.
- Most presented techniques focused only at the server level and ignored the possible contributions on flows/links.
- From state-of-the-art researches in SDN-based fog, we can observe that interrelated fields are presented such as machine learning and artificial intelligent in order to provide a fully programmed environment, which is a promising approach for future researches.
- Identifying and fulfilling requests with higher priority prior to low-priority requests is an issue due to the high volume of data transferred among different devices, which results in congested links and, thus, latency.
- Joining SDN and named data networking (NDN) is a new approach to gain the maximum privilege of both techniques. However, few researches are conducted in this field.
- Furthermore, SDN cloud is an innovative field, which brings a great opportunity for researchers, since most studies either contribute on the field of cloud or SDN.
- The scalability issue, which can be classified into two aspects: resources scalability either scaling up or down in the cloud and fog layers and controllers scalability (local and global) to consider their location and number of required controllers.
- Security is one the main challenges encountered in SDN-Based cloud/fog, including authentication and SDN.
- Legacy SDN such as OpenFlow forces certain architectures when designing controllers that lead to strict environment for the revolution and development, especially in a fog environment.
- Only a few contributions regarding the simulation tools and testbed that facilitates the experiments of SDN-based environments.
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ref. | Major Feature | Main Tasks | Env. | Dataset | Eval. Tool | Measured Metrics | Contribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[7] |
|
| DCs |
| Emulated virtual DCN |
|
|
[8] |
|
|
|
| Simulation and testbed |
|
|
[9] |
|
| DCs |
| Testbed |
|
|
[10] |
|
| SDN |
| Testbed |
|
|
[12] |
|
| SDN-Cloud |
| Cloudsim with SDN settings |
|
|
[13] |
|
|
|
| Simulation |
| Greater revenue with maintained response time |
[14] |
|
|
|
| Simulation |
| Analytical determination of rejection probability for different priority classes for resources allocation problem. |
[15] |
|
|
|
| CloudSimSDN |
| Reduced response time |
[16] |
|
|
|
| Simulation |
| Better tenants’ isolation with enhanced congestion latency and less delay. |
[17] | Three-tier algorithm:
|
|
|
| Simulation: NS2 |
| Significantly increase of system throughput while acceptably decrease power consumption and average delay. |
[18,19] |
|
|
|
|
|
| Significant decrease in congestion and enhance overall throughput. |
[20] |
|
|
|
| Simulation |
| Reduce unsatisfied bandwidth |
Ref. | Power Consumption | Response Time | Qos Violation Rate | Throughput | Link/Network Utilization | Rejection Rate/ Rejected Requests | Delay | Cost | Profit/Revenue | Job/File Completion Time | Number of Shared Links | Latency | Communication Cost | Scalability | Number of Migration | Unsatisfied Bandwidth |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[7] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||
[8] | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
[9] | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
[10] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||
[12] | ● | |||||||||||||||
[13] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||
[14] | ● | |||||||||||||||
[15] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||
[16] | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
[17] | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||
[18] | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
[19] | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||
[20] | ● | ● | ● |
Ref. | Major Feature | Main Tasks | Envi. | Dataset | Evaluation Tool | Measured Metrics | Contribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[21] | Dynamic overbooking & correlation analysis | Overbooking controller: VM placement & flow consolidation using overbooking ratio and correlation analysis. Resource Utilization Monitor: collects history data of PM utilization metrics, VM & Virtual links. | SDN- clouds | Wikipedia workload | Simulation: CloudSimSDN |
| Reduced power consumption while reducing SLA violation rate. |
[22] |
| Traffic consolidation method that consider file completion time: FCTcon | DCN | Real DCN traces from Wikipedia and Yahoo. | Simulation & testbed |
|
|
[23] |
| Power optimization: PowerFCT | DCN | Wikipedia DCN traces. | Testbed and simulation |
| Loosely FCT requirements lead to higher power saving while FCT miss ratio is the minimum in all cases |
[24] |
|
| DCN | Real DCN traces from Wikipedia, Yahoo, and DCP. | Simulation & testbed. |
|
|
[25] | Using traffic stats and control over flow path. | Power optimization: Elastic Tree | DCN | Traffic generator tool. | Testbed |
| Ability to reduce power while support performance and robustness. |
[26] | Dynamic consoledation of traffic flow based on correlati-on analysis. | Power optimization: correlation analysis, traffic consolidation, and link rate adaptation: CARPO | DCN | Wikipedia and Yahoo traces. | Testbed |
| Outperform in power saving. |
[27] | Early deduction of congestion | Reducing buffer space while maintain performance by impowering Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN): DCTCP | DCN | Three types of traffic:
| Testbed |
| |
[28] | Butterfly topology to reach scalable network, full utilization with reduced power | DCN |
| Simulation |
| Links operate mostly in low power consumption mode | |
[29] | Genetic algorithm with the tabue search algorithm | VM placement using Genetic Algorithm where Tabue search algorithm is used to enhance search by performing mutation operations. | Cloud Datacenter |
| Pycharm 3.3 |
| Reduced power consumption while lowers load balance. Also gives highest number of optimal solutions. |
[30] | Multi-objective resources allocateon based on Euclidean distance uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) |
| CloudDC |
| Java |
| Better results when combined with VM migration |
[31] | Natural evolutionary algorithm |
| Cloud DC | CloudSim |
| Lower risk value, least power consumption, better average resources utilization with least load balance value | |
[32] | Dynamic VM placement |
| Cloud DC |
|
| Less number of overloads occurred with an outperforming on minimizing SLA violation. | |
[33] | Linear regression prediction model | VM placement based on Linear regression prediction model: Overloaded and underloaded algorithms.
| Clouds DC |
| Simulation: CloudSim |
| Reduced power with minimum SLA violation. |
[34] | Neural networks | Dynamic VM placement based on joint CPU demands & prediction of future VM placement. | Cloud |
| Simulation: CloudSim |
| Best result of reducing power consumption with smaller SLA violation. |
[35] | ConsiderCPU and RAM as major power consum-ers |
| CloudDC |
| Simulation: CloudSim |
| Reduced power consumption and performance degradation with dynamic threshold. |
[36] | Experimental evaluation of different policies, power management models, and power models. | Two algorithms which utilize FCFS/ SJF scheduling tasks and DVFC power management using cubic energy model. | Cloud DC |
| Simulation: CloudSim |
| Reduced power consumption. |
[37] | Uninterruptable power supply UPS minimization cost function. | Centralized manager with two server-level agents:
| Cloud |
| Testbed |
| Power assignment applied properly which prevents UPSs overloading. |
[38] | Three-phases for VM placement | Three-phases for VM management:
| Cloud DC |
|
| Energy saving is increased by at most 12% | |
[39] | Genetic Algorithm |
| SDN-Cloud |
| CloudSimSDN |
| outperforms in reducing power consumption, response time, and hourly cost. |
Ref. | Power Consumption/Saving | Response Time | Flow Completion Time | FCT Miss Ratio | Delay | Robustness | Latency | Packet Drop Ratio | Throughput | Queue Length | Convergence | Timeout Query/Flow and Query Completion Time | Cumulative Fraction of Query Latency and Completion Time | Fraction of Time Spent at Each Link | Load Balance | Number of Optimal Solutions | Resources Utilization | Risk Value | Number of Overloads | SLA Violation | Performance Degradation | CPU Cap/Frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[21] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
[22] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
[23] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
[24] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
[25] | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||
[26] | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||
[27] | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||
[28] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
[29] | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||
[30] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
[31] | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||
[32] | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||
[33] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
[34] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
[35] | ● | ● | ● | |||||||||||||||||||
[36] | ● | |||||||||||||||||||||
[37] | ● | ● | ||||||||||||||||||||
[38] | ● |
Ref. | Major Feature | Main Tasks | Env. | Dataset | Eval.Tool | Measured Metrics | Contribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[40] |
|
| sdn- fog enabled smart grid |
| mininet support openflow protocol |
|
|
[41] |
|
| SDN- based Fog Computing |
| testbed |
|
|
[42] | Resource utilization using local and global load balancers |
| SDN-Fog IoVs |
| OMNeT++ and SUMO |
|
|
[43] |
|
|
|
| CRISP-DM methodology. |
| predicted delay values similar to actual delay values. |
[44] |
|
|
|
| Testbed |
|
|
[45] | reinforcement learning |
|
|
| Testbed |
| Ability to adopt to medium and high load. |
[46] |
|
|
|
| MATLAB |
| communication is reduced between nodes and controller |
[47] |
|
|
|
| Veins Simulation Framework |
| |
[48] |
|
|
|
| Mininet with POX SDN controller |
| paths are selected based on QoS constraint either reliable path/ minimize delay and succeeds on performing less data packets and delay. |
[49] |
| 4 layers architecture for SD-MEC: access layer, forwarding layer, multi edge computing layer, and control layer |
|
| OMNET++ with INET framework. |
| least average E2E delay highest packet delivery ratio |
[50] |
| 4-layers architecture: fog layer, core switches, controller, and service layer |
|
| Minimit and Python |
| Outperforms in minmizing selection time thus minmizing delay. As well, provide better throughput and less response time. |
[51] |
| 3-layers arcitecture: IoV layer Fog layer Intellegent-SDN layer |
| IoV based on SDV-F framework |
| Least energy consumption and latency. | |
[52] |
| Multi- objective resource allocation |
|
| Outperform in time excution stability and load balancing objectives |
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Share and Cite
Alomari, A.; Subramaniam, S.K.; Samian, N.; Latip, R.; Zukarnain, Z. Resource Management in SDN-Based Cloud and SDN-Based Fog Computing: Taxonomy Study. Symmetry 2021, 13, 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050734
Alomari A, Subramaniam SK, Samian N, Latip R, Zukarnain Z. Resource Management in SDN-Based Cloud and SDN-Based Fog Computing: Taxonomy Study. Symmetry. 2021; 13(5):734. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050734
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlomari, Amirah, Shamala K. Subramaniam, Normalia Samian, Rohaya Latip, and Zuriati Zukarnain. 2021. "Resource Management in SDN-Based Cloud and SDN-Based Fog Computing: Taxonomy Study" Symmetry 13, no. 5: 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050734
APA StyleAlomari, A., Subramaniam, S. K., Samian, N., Latip, R., & Zukarnain, Z. (2021). Resource Management in SDN-Based Cloud and SDN-Based Fog Computing: Taxonomy Study. Symmetry, 13(5), 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13050734