Vortex Flows with Particles and Droplets (A Review)

Single-phase vortices are a classic example of objects characterized by symmetry in the distribution of all main parameters. The presence of inertial particles (or droplets) in such objects, even with their initial uniform distribution in space, leads to symmetry breaking due to the inverse effect of the dispersed phase on the characteristics of carrier vortices. A review of calculation-theoretical and experimental works devoted to the study of the motion of particles (or droplets) in various concentrated vortex structures, as well as their inverse effect on vortex characteristics, is conducted. The main characteristics (inertia, concentration) as well as dimensionless parameters (Reynolds, Stokes, Froude, Tachikawa numbers) determining the interaction between the dispersed phase and vortices are described. The results of available studies are analyzed in order to establish the peculiarities of particle (or droplet) behavior and stability of different vortex structures, including natural ones. The works analyzed in the review cover a wide range of inertia of the dispersed phase (Stk_f = 0.002 − 14.7) and vortex intensities (Re_Γ = 200 − 5000).