Frothing Performance of Frother-Collector Mixtures as Determined by Dynamic Foam Analyzer and Its Implications in Flotation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Dynamic Foam Stability Experiments
2.2.2. Modeling Studies
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Dynamic Foam Stability Experiments
3.1.1. Foam Stability and Foam Decaying of Frothers
3.1.2. Foam Stability and Foam Decaying of Collectors
3.1.3. Frothers in the Presence of Collectors
3.2. Modeling Studies
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Frothers | CCC (ppm) | Foaminess (s) | dh/dt (mm/s) | Foam Production (s2/mm) | St. Dev. (s2/mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPG200 | 11 | 2.60 | 1.09 | 2.38 | 0.18 |
PPG400 | 4 | 3.51 | 1.78 | 1.97 | 0.11 |
PPG600 | 3 | 3.92 | 1.84 | 2.13 | 0.11 |
BDPG | 17 | 4.03 | 1.05 | 3.84 | 0.19 |
BTPG | 5 | 4.15 | 1.08 | 3.85 | 0.19 |
BTEG | 20 | 2.68 | 1.37 | 1.96 | 0.15 |
MIBC | 10 | 2.90 | 1.37 | 2.12 | 0.15 |
C (ppm) | Foaminess (s) | dh/dt (mm/s) | Foam Production (s2/mm) | St. Dev. (s2/mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPG600 | 1 | 2.38 | 10.21 | 0.23 | 0.02 |
3 | 3.85 | 1.95 | 1.97 | 0.10 | |
5 | 6.03 | 3.05 | 1.98 | 0.07 | |
10 | 7.28 | 2.79 | 2.61 | 0.07 | |
100 | 8.48 | 2.67 | 3.18 | 0.04 | |
1000 | 9.20 | 0.43 | 21.38 | 0.23 |
C (mol/L) | Foaminess (s) | dh/dt (mm/s) | Foam Production (s2/mm) | St. Dev. (s2/mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DAH | 1.10−5 | 1.17 | 8.82 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
5.10−5 | 2.49 | 1.23 | 2.02 | 0.08 | |
1.10−4 | 3.69 | 1.26 | 2.93 | 0.08 | |
3.10−4 | 7.65 | 1.93 | 3.96 | 0.05 | |
5.10−4 | 13.12 | 2.53 | 5.19 | 0.04 | |
7.10−4 | 27.37 | 3.31 | 8.26 | 0.03 | |
1.10−3 | 32.35 | 2.52 | 12.82 | 0.04 |
CCC (ppm) | Foaminess (s) | dh/dt (mm/s) | Foam Production (s2/mm) | St. Dev. (s2/mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPG200 | 11 | 6.56 | 1.18 | 5.54 | 0.08 |
PPG400 | 4 | 15.42 | 2.41 | 6.39 | 0.04 |
PPG600 | 3 | 18.40 | 3.05 | 6.03 | 0.03 |
BDPG | 17 | 10.03 | 2.70 | 3.72 | 0.04 |
BTPG | 5 | 12.37 | 4.70 | 2.63 | 0.02 |
BTEG | 20 | 5.50 | 3.40 | 1.62 | 0.03 |
MIBC | 10 | 6.90 | 1.47 | 4.69 | 0.07 |
CCC (ppm) | Foaminess (s) | dh/dt (mm/s) | Foam Production (s2/mm) | St. Dev. (s2/mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPG200 | 11 | 2.49 | 0.54 | 4.59 | 0.18 |
PPG400 | 4 | 4.07 | 1.07 | 3.79 | 0.09 |
PPG600 | 3 | 5.88 | 2.13 | 2.76 | 0.05 |
BDPG | 17 | 2.79 | 1.23 | 2.27 | 0.08 |
BTPG | 5 | 3.09 | 1.23 | 2.51 | 0.08 |
BTEG | 20 | 2.41 | 1.17 | 2.06 | 0.09 |
MIBC | 10 | 2.68 | 1.36 | 1.97 | 0.07 |
C (mol/L) | Foaminess (s) | dh/dt (mm/s) | Foam Production (s2/mm) | St. Dev. (s2/mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DAH | 0 | 3.92 | 1.84 | 2.13 | 0.11 |
1.10−5 | 11.65 | 8.94 | 1.30 | 0.01 | |
5.10−5 | 20.06 | 6.53 | 3.07 | 0.02 | |
1.10−4 | 20.85 | 2.53 | 8.22 | 0.04 | |
5.10−4 | 14.14 | 0.78 | 18.12 | 0.13 |
C (mol/L) | Foaminess (s) | dh/dt (mm/s) | Foam Production (s2/mm) | St. Dev. (s2/mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NaOL | 0 | 3.92 | 1.84 | 2.13 | 0.11 |
1.10−5 | 2.83 | 0.94 | 3.00 | 0.11 | |
5.10−5 | 4.60 | 1.43 | 3.22 | 0.07 | |
1.10−4 | 35.32 | 1.50 | 23.51 | 0.07 | |
5.10−4 | 104.54 | 0.35 | 297.24 | 0.28 | |
1.10−3 | 103.52 | 0.21 | 498.42 | 0.48 |
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Chemical | Hydroxyl Value (mgKOH/g) | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Formula | HLB | pH (1% Solution) | Molecular Stucture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PPG200 (n~3.5) | 510~623 | 180~220 | HO(C3H6O)nH | 10.55 | 5.0~7.0 | |
PPG400 (n~6.5) | 255~312 | 360~440 | HO(C3H6O)nH | 8.69 | 5.0~7.0 | |
PPG600 (n~10) | 170~208 | 540~660 | HO(C3H6O)nH | 8.25 | 5.0~7.0 | |
BTPG (n = 3) | ~75 Polyglycols | 248.36 | C4H9(C3H6O)nOH | 6.63 | 5.0~7.0 | |
BTEG (n = 3) | ≥50%–<100% Polyglycols | 206.2793 | C4H9(C2H4O)nOH | 8.05 | 5.0~7.0 | |
BDPG (n = 2) | 98.5 Polyglycols | 190.28 | C4H9(C3H6O)nOH | 6.75 | 5.0~7.0 | |
MIBC | w/w: ≥100% | 102.17 | CH3CH(OH)CH2–CH(OH)CH3 | 6.53 | 5.0~6.0 | |
Chemical | Form | Purity (%) | Formula | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | CMC (mol/L) | Density (g/cm3) | Molecular Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DAH | solid | ≥99% | C12H28ClNa | 221.81 | 1.5·10−2 (25 °C) | 1.0 (20 °C) | |
NaOL | solid | ≥97% | C18H33NaO2 | 304.44 | 3·10−3 | 0.9 | |
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Batjargal, K.; Guven, O.; Ozdemir, O.; Karakashev, S.I.; Grozev, N.A.; Boylu, F.; Çelik, M.S. Frothing Performance of Frother-Collector Mixtures as Determined by Dynamic Foam Analyzer and Its Implications in Flotation. Minerals 2023, 13, 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020242
Batjargal K, Guven O, Ozdemir O, Karakashev SI, Grozev NA, Boylu F, Çelik MS. Frothing Performance of Frother-Collector Mixtures as Determined by Dynamic Foam Analyzer and Its Implications in Flotation. Minerals. 2023; 13(2):242. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020242
Chicago/Turabian StyleBatjargal, Khandjamts, Onur Guven, Orhan Ozdemir, Stoyan I. Karakashev, Nikolay A. Grozev, Feridun Boylu, and Mehmet Sabri Çelik. 2023. "Frothing Performance of Frother-Collector Mixtures as Determined by Dynamic Foam Analyzer and Its Implications in Flotation" Minerals 13, no. 2: 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020242