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Article

Genesis and Formation of the Tuwaishan Gold Deposit in Hainan Island, South China: Implications from H-O-S Isotopes

by
Yuheng Liu
1,2,
Jingwen Mao
3,4,*,
Jun Hu
5,6,
Lei Wang
7 and
Deming Xu
7
1
MNR Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
2
UNESCO International Centre on Global-Scale Geochemistry, Langfang 065000, China
3
MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
4
Key Laboratory for Exploration Theory & Technology of Critical Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
5
Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
6
Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
7
Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey (Geosciences Innovation Center of Central South China), Wuhan 430205, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2023, 13(8), 1082; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081082
Submission received: 2 June 2023 / Revised: 24 July 2023 / Accepted: 28 July 2023 / Published: 14 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Hydrothermal Ore Deposits)
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Abstract

The Tuwaishan gold deposit is located at the northeastern end of the Gezhen shear zone in the western part of Hainan Island, South China. It is one of a series of similar gold deposits hosted in the Mesoproterozoic basement rocks and structurally controlled by the Gezhen shear zone. The hydrothermal ore-forming period can be divided into quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite stage, quartz-pyrite-base metal sulfides stage and quartz-carbonate stage. Eleven gold-bearing quartz vein samples yield δDV-SMOW and δ18OV-SMOW values of −75.9‰ to −54.4‰ and +8.1‰ to +13.7‰, respectively, and the corresponding δ18Owater values range from +3.1‰ to +8.7‰. In addition, the pyrite separates from 14 ore samples yield δ34S values of +4.5‰ to +7.9‰. The H-O-S isotopic data, along with fluid properties of the Tuwaishan and other gold deposits along the Gezhen shear zone, suggest that the ore-forming fluid and materials are of metamorphic rather than magmatic origin. Hence, we propose that the Tuwaishan gold deposit is best classified as orogenic gold deposit that resulted from regional metamorphism. Considering that the Mesoproterozoic basement rocks have experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism prior to the gold mineralization, the metamorphic devolatilization of the Ordovician-Silurian rocks at depth would provide a realistic source of fluid, gold and sulfur for the Tuwaishan and other gold deposits of the Gezhen gold belt.
Keywords: genesis; formation; Tuwaishan gold deposit; Hainan Island; H-O-S isotopes genesis; formation; Tuwaishan gold deposit; Hainan Island; H-O-S isotopes

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, Y.; Mao, J.; Hu, J.; Wang, L.; Xu, D. Genesis and Formation of the Tuwaishan Gold Deposit in Hainan Island, South China: Implications from H-O-S Isotopes. Minerals 2023, 13, 1082. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081082

AMA Style

Liu Y, Mao J, Hu J, Wang L, Xu D. Genesis and Formation of the Tuwaishan Gold Deposit in Hainan Island, South China: Implications from H-O-S Isotopes. Minerals. 2023; 13(8):1082. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081082

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Yuheng, Jingwen Mao, Jun Hu, Lei Wang, and Deming Xu. 2023. "Genesis and Formation of the Tuwaishan Gold Deposit in Hainan Island, South China: Implications from H-O-S Isotopes" Minerals 13, no. 8: 1082. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081082

APA Style

Liu, Y., Mao, J., Hu, J., Wang, L., & Xu, D. (2023). Genesis and Formation of the Tuwaishan Gold Deposit in Hainan Island, South China: Implications from H-O-S Isotopes. Minerals, 13(8), 1082. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081082

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