Discovery of Late Permian Adakite in Eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of Paleo-Asian Ocean
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting
3. Sampling and Analytical Methods
3.1. Samples
3.2. Zircon Geochronology
3.3. Whole-Rock Geochemistry
4. Analytical Results
4.1. Zircon U-Pb Results
4.2. Whole-Rock Geochemistry
Major Oxides
Sample | HFD1 | HFD2 | HFD3 | HFD4 | HFD5 | HFD6 | HFD7 | D4-1 * | D4-2 * | D4-3 * | 2-1 * | 2-2 * | 2-3 * | 2-4 * | 2-7 * | D1-1 * | D1-2 * | D1-3 * | D1-4 * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | 70.5 | 70.1 | 69.6 | 69.7 | 71.5 | 70.2 | 70.3 | 74.2 | 75.4 | 73.3 | 70.1 | 71.6 | 70.9 | 69.2 | 74.1 | 77.1 | 76.2 | 75.6 | 76.9 |
TiO2 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
Al2O3 | 15.5 | 15.3 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.6 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 15.0 | 13.9 | 14.5 | 15.4 | 14.2 | 12.1 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 12.8 |
Fe2O3-T | 2.00 | 1.96 | 2.05 | 2.16 | 1.78 | 2.08 | 2.08 | 2.01 | 2.06 | 2.98 | 2.98 | 2.88 | 2.21 | 2.69 | 1.25 | 1.41 | 0.69 | 1.16 | 0.83 |
MnO | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
MgO | 0.93 | 0.92 | 1.08 | 1.02 | 0.90 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 0.54 | 0.96 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.08 |
CaO | 2.48 | 2.46 | 2.75 | 2.62 | 2.45 | 2.33 | 2.52 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 2.21 | 1.25 | 1.06 | 2.50 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.25 |
Na2O | 4.84 | 4.85 | 4.92 | 4.91 | 4.16 | 4.94 | 5.30 | 4.72 | 4.15 | 3.77 | 4.10 | 3.19 | 3.47 | 4.14 | 3.29 | 3.84 | 4.08 | 3.89 | 3.90 |
K2O | 2.50 | 2.55 | 2.56 | 2.53 | 2.21 | 2.47 | 2.10 | 3.55 | 3.77 | 3.83 | 3.30 | 3.73 | 5.16 | 3.44 | 5.09 | 4.67 | 4.90 | 4.68 | 4.76 |
P2O5 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
LOI | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.66 | 1.19 | 0.81 | 1.17 | 1.27 | 0.77 | 0.66 | 1.05 | 0.56 | 1.70 | 1.33 | 0.61 | 1.14 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 0.82 | 0.88 |
Total | 100.2 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 100.0 | 100.8 | 100.8 | 101.2 | 99.6 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 100.3 | 99.9 | 99.6 | 100.6 |
K2O/Na2O | 1.94 | 1.90 | 1.92 | 1.94 | 1.89 | 2.00 | 2.53 | 1.33 | 1.10 | 0.98 | 1.24 | 0.86 | 0.67 | 1.20 | 0.65 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.82 |
SiO2/Al2O3 | 4.57 | 4.59 | 4.52 | 4.52 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.63 | 4.99 | 5.43 | 4.86 | 4.69 | 5.15 | 4.88 | 4.49 | 5.24 | 6.37 | 5.93 | 5.88 | 6.01 |
Fe2O3 + MgO | 1.55 | 1.57 | 1.76 | 1.57 | 1.20 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.53 | 1.64 | 2.25 | 1.13 | 2.74 | 1.91 | 1.94 | 0.76 | 1.07 | 0.35 | 0.72 | 0.45 |
Mg# | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.14 |
Sc | 4.07 | 3.52 | 3.51 | 3.61 | 4.19 | 3.82 | 3.50 | 1.55 | 1.20 | 1.62 | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | 4.15 | 3.70 | 4.66 | 4.22 |
V | 39.5 | 38.5 | 38.3 | 35.1 | 39.3 | 32.1 | 35.2 | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | 4.83 | 5.85 | 7.63 | 5.97 |
Cr | 19.3 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 16.4 | 15.1 | 14.6 | 21.1 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 17.8 | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | 4.48 | 4.02 | 3.86 | 3.63 |
Ni | 4.62 | 3.82 | 4.00 | 4.25 | 3.98 | 3.67 | 4.26 | ― | ― | ― | 1.44 | 4.88 | 4.80 | 1.44 | 5.53 | 2.24 | 1.94 | 3.02 | 2.48 |
Cu | 16.1 | 10.4 | 17.9 | 17.6 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 14.1 | 3.60 | 3.59 | 5.59 | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | 3.37 | 2.83 | 4.02 | 3.91 |
Zn | 39.0 | 42.7 | 51.0 | 50.6 | 51.3 | 49.0 | 48.3 | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | 84.1 | 49.3 | 80.5 | 47.9 |
Ga | 22.7 | 22.1 | 22.5 | 22.8 | 22.6 | 21.0 | 21.9 | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | 26.7 | 29.2 | 28.2 | 29.0 |
Rb | 69.3 | 64.9 | 61.2 | 59.5 | 55.9 | 65.0 | 58.9 | 310 | 226 | 224 | 130 | 118 | 191 | 111 | 261 | 188 | 215 | 215 | 213 |
Sr | 509 | 498 | 533 | 523 | 532 | 454 | 448 | 41.8 | 44.2 | 129 | 268 | 166 | 192 | 289 | 50.5 | 25.3 | 20.8 | 23.3 | 21.1 |
Y | 5.2 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 8.9 | 12.8 | 16.2 | 10.9 | 12.5 | 17.6 | 69.3 | 61.9 | 70.1 | 60.7 |
Zr | 134 | 133 | 132 | 132 | 131 | 135 | 134 | 36.5 | 17.1 | 118 | 177 | 165 | 203 | 191 | 58.2 | 131 | 135 | 139 | 129 |
Nb | 2.98 | 3 | 3.06 | 2.34 | 2.84 | 2.73 | 2.62 | 16.9 | 13.2 | 4.85 | 5.79 | 9.02 | 7.24 | 7.03 | 13.0 | 23.3 | 18.0 | 21.5 | 18.1 |
Cs | 1.86 | 1.62 | 2.03 | 1.62 | 1.85 | 2.37 | 2.13 | 14.8 | 17.5 | 15.4 | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | 3.26 | 6.11 | 6.76 | 6.46 |
Ba | 693 | 674 | 705 | 649 | 702 | 751 | 657 | 73.9 | 75.4 | 522 | 596 | 459 | 723 | 514 | 179 | 76.4 | 61.1 | 68.8 | 59.3 |
Co | 5.34 | 5.72 | 6.44 | 5.98 | 6.98 | 5.67 | 5.52 | ― | ― | ― | 4.20 | 4.86 | 3.10 | 4.04 | 2.27 | 2.64 | 2.43 | 2.41 | 2.51 |
La | 16.2 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 16.3 | 16.0 | 16.1 | 3.45 | 2.50 | 16.4 | 23.7 | 27.4 | 41.2 | 32.2 | 15.5 | 7.37 | 12.1 | 9.90 | 9.87 |
Ce | 29.3 | 28.0 | 27.7 | 27.8 | 29.5 | 28.8 | 30.2 | 7.26 | 3.31 | 36.4 | 47.6 | 58.1 | 73.3 | 64.9 | 28.7 | 53.1 | 43.9 | 56.4 | 47.4 |
Pr | 3.44 | 3.33 | 3.18 | 3.32 | 3.48 | 3.47 | 3.46 | 0.78 | 0.58 | 3.54 | 5.20 | 6.67 | 8.86 | 7.33 | 4.38 | 3.51 | 5.27 | 4.39 | 3.97 |
Nd | 12.1 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 3.33 | 2.08 | 12.5 | 19.2 | 24.8 | 30.8 | 25.8 | 16.2 | 15.3 | 22.6 | 19.0 | 17.5 |
Sm | 2.16 | 2.01 | 1.96 | 2.05 | 2.11 | 2.18 | 2.15 | 0.7 | 0.53 | 2.38 | 3.49 | 4.66 | 5.29 | 4.69 | 4.19 | 6.52 | 7.63 | 6.96 | 5.85 |
Eu | 0.81 | 0.92 | 0.81 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.42 | 0.85 | 0.52 | 0.61 | 0.57 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.1 |
Gd | 1.55 | 1.50 | 1.46 | 1.50 | 1.60 | 1.66 | 1.64 | 0.63 | 0.51 | 1.99 | 2.95 | 3.20 | 4.15 | 3.31 | 2.13 | 6.64 | 6.72 | 6.78 | 5.81 |
Tb | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.31 | 0.40 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.36 | 1.64 | 1.50 | 1.62 | 1.32 |
Dy | 1.05 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.88 | 1.55 | 1.80 | 3.18 | 2.27 | 2.59 | 3.08 | 13.3 | 11.5 | 12.9 | 10.4 |
Ho | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.61 | 0.42 | 0.5 | 0.65 | 2.52 | 2.14 | 2.46 | 2.07 |
Er | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.41 | 0.74 | 0.98 | 1.61 | 1.18 | 1.18 | 2.11 | 7.58 | 6.54 | 7.44 | 6.34 |
Tm | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.29 | 1.09 | 0.95 | 1.08 | 0.91 |
Yb | 0.59 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.49 | 0.78 | 0.66 | 0.78 | 1.04 | 1.56 | 1.03 | 1.13 | 1.71 | 7.85 | 6.92 | 7.63 | 7.44 |
Lu | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.88 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.82 |
Hf | 4.82 | 4.19 | 13.20 | 4.15 | 3.56 | 3.88 | 3.77 | 2.24 | 0.97 | 4.24 | 4.98 | 6.94 | 5.06 | 2.35 | 1.67 | 5.98 | 7.11 | 6.57 | 6.67 |
Ta | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.20 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 1.70 | 0.96 | 0.64 | 0.98 | 1.26 | 4.57 | 2.77 | 2.26 | 1.26 | 0.75 | 1.22 | 1.00 |
Pb | 21.4 | 22.1 | 21.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | 20.1 | 21.8 | 10.8 | 19.5 | 19.9 | ― | ― | ― | ― | ― | 40.6 | 37.2 | 42.3 | 37.5 |
Th | 5.70 | 6.29 | 5.16 | 5.24 | 4.73 | 4.83 | 5.57 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 1.89 | 9.40 | 12.1 | 25.5 | 9.90 | 7.00 | 19.6 | 19.1 | 19.4 | 20.8 |
U | 2.26 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 2.11 | 2.11 | 1.76 | 1.81 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 1.10 | 2.90 | 1.40 | 2.30 | 1.50 | 3.90 | 2.63 | 2.59 | 3.25 | 2.80 |
ΣREE | 68.3 | 65.7 | 64.4 | 65.5 | 68.9 | 67.9 | 69.3 | 19.0 | 12.2 | 77.5 | 108 | 133 | 170 | 145 | 79.7 | 127 | 129 | 138 | 120 |
LREE | 64.0 | 61.5 | 60.4 | 61.5 | 64.6 | 63.6 | 65.2 | 15.6 | 9.21 | 71.6 | 100 | 122 | 160 | 135 | 69.1 | 85.8 | 91.6 | 96.8 | 84.6 |
HREE | 4.29 | 4.12 | 3.96 | 4.04 | 4.22 | 4.25 | 4.13 | 3.36 | 2.95 | 5.90 | 7.81 | 11.15 | 9.90 | 9.55 | 10.6 | 41.5 | 37.1 | 40.8 | 35.1 |
LREE/HREE | 14.9 | 15.0 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 15.8 | 4.65 | 3.12 | 12.1 | 12.8 | 11.0 | 16.2 | 14.2 | 6.52 | 2.07 | 2.47 | 2.37 | 2.41 |
LaN/YbN | 19.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 21.6 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 23.8 | 3.17 | 2.72 | 15.1 | 16.4 | 12.6 | 28.7 | 20.4 | 6.48 | 0.67 | 1.25 | 0.93 | 0.95 |
δEu | 1.29 | 1.54 | 1.41 | 1.51 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.32 | 0.50 | 1.22 | 0.57 | 0.79 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
δCe | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 1.04 | 0.65 | 1.12 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.84 | 2.55 | 1.35 | 2.09 | 1.86 |
5. Discussion
5.1. Crystallization Age
5.2. Rock Type and Petrogenesis
5.2.1. Identification of Adakite
5.2.2. Petrogenesis
5.3. Tectonic Implications
6. Conclusions
- The U-Pb age of adakite is 258.9 ± 2.2 Ma, representing the timing of emplacement and crystallization, indicating the magmatism in the early Late Permian.
- The adakite is characteristic of typical O-type adakite. The adakite is enriched in light rare-earth elements with a relatively consistent parallel flat pattern of heavy rare-earth elements, reflecting characteristics of magmatic evolution from a single source and slab melting.
- We propose that the adakite is derived from the melting of subducted MORB-type ocean crust during the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Oceanic slab. This indicates that in the early Late Permian in northeastern China, the Paleo-Asian Ocean had not closed, and oceanic subduction continued until 258.9 ± 2.2 Ma. In the early Late Permian (258.9 Ma), the Paleo-Asian Ocean was still in the subduction phase, forming typical O-type adakite under high-pressure conditions.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Analytical Spot | Content/ppm | Th/U | Isotope Ratio | Age/Ma | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pb | Th | U | 207Pb/206Pb | ±1σ | 207Pb/235U | ±1σ | 206Pb/238U | ±1σ | 207Pb/206P | ±1σ | 207Pb/235U | ±1σ | 206Pb/238U | ±1σ | ||
1 | 3 | 57 | 56 | 1.02 | 0.05296 | 0.00529 | 0.30010 | 0.02941 | 0.04111 | 0.00099 | 327 | 177 | 266 | 23 | 260 | 6 |
2 | 3 | 45 | 56 | 0.81 | 0.07614 | 0.01438 | 0.43257 | 0.07918 | 0.04121 | 0.00207 | 1099 | 296 | 365 | 56 | 260 | 13 |
3 | 34 | 193 | 608 | 0.32 | 0.05348 | 0.00156 | 0.30194 | 0.00880 | 0.04095 | 0.00053 | 349 | 43 | 268 | 7 | 259 | 3 |
4 | 5 | 58 | 86 | 0.67 | 0.05873 | 0.00408 | 0.33273 | 0.02270 | 0.04110 | 0.00078 | 557 | 116 | 292 | 17 | 260 | 5 |
5 | 3 | 40 | 45 | 0.88 | 0.0627 | 0.00804 | 0.34340 | 0.04313 | 0.03972 | 0.00103 | 698 | 287 | 300 | 33 | 251 | 6 |
6 | 18 | 214 | 393 | 0.55 | 0.06322 | 0.00398 | 0.35574 | 0.02157 | 0.04081 | 0.00070 | 716 | 138 | 309 | 16 | 258 | 4 |
7 | 7 | 46 | 89 | 0.51 | 0.05771 | 0.00454 | 0.46520 | 0.03585 | 0.05847 | 0.00125 | 519 | 132 | 388 | 25 | 366 | 8 |
8 | 3 | 42 | 48 | 0.87 | 0.04663 | 0.00546 | 0.26499 | 0.03054 | 0.04122 | 0.00102 | 30 | 205 | 239 | 25 | 260 | 6 |
9 | 8 | 152 | 169 | 0.90 | 0.09699 | 0.02173 | 0.55122 | 0.11878 | 0.04122 | 0.00270 | 1567 | 319 | 446 | 78 | 260 | 17 |
10 | 28 | 133 | 353 | 0.38 | 0.0524 | 0.00741 | 0.29540 | 0.04084 | 0.04088 | 0.00136 | 303 | 250 | 263 | 32 | 258 | 8 |
11 | 2 | 30 | 41 | 0.72 | 0.05298 | 0.00774 | 0.30075 | 0.04299 | 0.04117 | 0.00141 | 328 | 259 | 267 | 34 | 260 | 9 |
12 | 43 | 514 | 758 | 0.68 | 0.05122 | 0.00202 | 0.28958 | 0.01131 | 0.04101 | 0.00058 | 251 | 64 | 258 | 9 | 259 | 4 |
13 | 4 | 36 | 72 | 0.50 | 0.05436 | 0.00359 | 0.30898 | 0.02004 | 0.04122 | 0.00074 | 386 | 114 | 273 | 16 | 260 | 5 |
14 | 3 | 49 | 53 | 0.93 | 0.05222 | 0.00612 | 0.29687 | 0.03416 | 0.04123 | 0.00108 | 295 | 211 | 264 | 27 | 260 | 7 |
15 | 2 | 33 | 48 | 0.68 | 0.05507 | 0.00724 | 0.31284 | 0.04032 | 0.04120 | 0.00123 | 415 | 235 | 276 | 31 | 260 | 8 |
16 | 3 | 38 | 49 | 0.77 | 0.05696 | 0.00478 | 0.32181 | 0.02628 | 0.04098 | 0.00081 | 490 | 192 | 283 | 20 | 259 | 5 |
17 | 3 | 29 | 61 | 0.48 | 0.06350 | 0.01102 | 0.35165 | 0.05983 | 0.04016 | 0.00137 | 725 | 389 | 306 | 45 | 254 | 8 |
18 | 2 | 19 | 30 | 0.62 | 0.06135 | 0.01047 | 0.34923 | 0.05824 | 0.04128 | 0.00167 | 652 | 296 | 304 | 44 | 261 | 10 |
19 | 4 | 59 | 84 | 0.70 | 0.04384 | 0.00495 | 0.24989 | 0.02778 | 0.04134 | 0.00103 | −79 | 173 | 226 | 23 | 261 | 6 |
20 | 3 | 42 | 49 | 0.85 | 0.05107 | 0.00331 | 0.28990 | 0.01849 | 0.04117 | 0.00072 | 244 | 114 | 258 | 15 | 260 | 4 |
21 | 7 | 106 | 138 | 0.77 | 0.04954 | 0.00341 | 0.28140 | 0.01905 | 0.04119 | 0.00076 | 173 | 119 | 252 | 15 | 260 | 5 |
22 | 3 | 32 | 43 | 0.75 | 0.07325 | 0.00507 | 0.40614 | 0.02711 | 0.04021 | 0.00073 | 1021 | 144 | 346 | 20 | 254 | 5 |
23 | 2 | 35 | 43 | 0.83 | 0.05240 | 0.00391 | 0.29743 | 0.02191 | 0.04117 | 0.00075 | 303 | 135 | 264 | 17 | 260 | 5 |
24 | 2 | 38 | 43 | 0.90 | 0.05352 | 0.00388 | 0.30525 | 0.02184 | 0.04136 | 0.00075 | 351 | 130 | 270 | 17 | 261 | 5 |
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Zhang, H.; Qiu, L.; Zhang, J.; Ma, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, S.; Dong, H.; Zheng, Y. Discovery of Late Permian Adakite in Eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of Paleo-Asian Ocean. Minerals 2024, 14, 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040386
Zhang H, Qiu L, Zhang J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Dong H, Zheng Y. Discovery of Late Permian Adakite in Eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of Paleo-Asian Ocean. Minerals. 2024; 14(4):386. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040386
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Haihua, Liang Qiu, Jian Zhang, Yongfei Ma, Yujin Zhang, Shuwang Chen, Huiliang Dong, and Yuejuan Zheng. 2024. "Discovery of Late Permian Adakite in Eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Implications for Tectonic Evolution of Paleo-Asian Ocean" Minerals 14, no. 4: 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040386