Genesis of Fe-Ti-(V) Oxide-Rich Rocks by Open-System Evolution of Mafic Alkaline Magmas: The Case of the Ponte Nova Massif, SE Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geologic Setting
3. Analytical Methods
4. Results
4.1. OCP and MTT Petrography
4.2. Major Elements
4.2.1. Clinopyroxene
4.2.2. Fe-Ti Oxides
Ti-Magnetite
Ilmenite
4.2.3. Temperature and Oxygen Fugacity Conditions
4.3. Whole-Rock Composition
4.3.1. Elemental Geochemistry
4.3.2. Sr Isotope Geochemistry
4.4. X-ray Diffraction
5. Discussion
5.1. Crustal Contamination
5.2. Magma Recharge
5.3. OCP and MTT Petrological Model
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Intrusion | Lithologies | Color Index | Crystallization Stages | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early-Magmatic (Primocrysts) | Principal | Late-Magmatic | Post-Magmatic | ||||
CI | LS (regular) | (coarse- to medium-grained) (cumulatic) Olivine clinopyroxenites, Olivinel-bearing clinopyroxenites, Olivine melagabbros, Olivine-bearing melagabbros | 97–70 | Di, Ti-Aug, Ol, ±Ti-Mgt, ±Ap, ±Pl | Ti-Aug, Pl, Krs, Ti-Mgt, Ap, ±Ilm, ±Bdy | Ti-rich Bt, ±Afs, ±Nph | (incipient levels) Anl, Ab, Ms, Cb, Ep/Czo, Chl, Bt, Act, Ttn, Py, ±Po, ±Cpy, ±Sp |
LS (Krs-rich) | (coarse- to medium-grained) (cumulatic) Olivine kaersutite clinopyroxenites, Kaersutite melagabbros | 95–80 | Di, Ti-Aug, Ol, ±Ti-Mgt, ±Ap, ±Pl | Krs, Ti-Aug, Pl, Ti-rich Bt, Ti-Mgt, Ap, ±Ilm, ±Bdy | Ti-rich Bt, ±Afs, ±Nph | ||
US | (coarse- to medium-grained) (inequigranular to macrocrystic) Nepheline-bearing monzogabbros | 62–50 | Di, Ti-Aug, Pl, ±Ol | Pl, Ti-Aug, Bt, Ti-Mgt, Ti-rich Bt, Ap | Intergrowth of Afs + Nph + Pl | ||
WI | LS | (coarse- to medium-grained) (cumulatic) Olivine melagabbros, Olivine-bearing melagabbros, Olivine-bearing clinopyroxenites | 99–75 | Di, Ti-Aug, Ol, ±Ti-Mgt, ±Ap, ±Pl | Ti-Aug, Pl, Krs, Ti-rich Bt, Ti-Mgt, Ap, ±Ilm, ±Bdy | Ti-rich Bt, ±Afs, ±Nph | |
US | (coarse- to medium-grained) (inequigranular to equigranular, banded to massive) Nepheline-bearing monzogabbros | 52–36 | Pl, Ti-Aug, ±Ti-Mgt, ±Ap, ±Ol | Pl, ti-Aug, Ti-Mgt, Ap, Ti-rich Bt, Afs, Nph, Ba-rich Afs | Intergrowth of Afs + Nph + Pl | ||
NI | (coarse- to medium-grained) (cumulatic) Olivine melamonzogabbros, Olivine-bearing melamonzogabbros | 76–67 | Di, Ti-Aug, Ol, ±Ti-Mgt, ±Ap, ±Pl | Ti-Aug, Pl, Ti-Mgt, Ap, Afs, Ilm, ±Bdy | Ti-rich Bt, ±Krs, intergrowth of Afs + Nph | -- | |
EI | (medium- to fine-grained) (seriate to porphyritic) Nepheline monzodiorites, Nepheline-bearing monzodiorites | 58–51 | Di, Ol, Pl, ±Ap | Ti-Aug, Pl, Ba-Ti-rich Bt, Ti-Mgt, Ilm, Ap, ±Zrc | Afs, Ba-rich Afs, Nph, ±Sdl | (insipient levels) Anl, Ab, Prh, Cb, Ep/Czo, Chl, Bt, Py, ±Cpy, ±Sp | |
CP | (medium-grained) (porphyritic to equigranular) microgabbros | 56–50 | Ti-Aug, Ol | Ti-Aug, Pl, Ti-Mgt, Bt, Ap | Bt, Afs, Nph | -- | |
SSI | (porphyritic, medium-grained matrix) Nepheline-bearing melamonzogabbros | 67–60 | Di, Ti-Aug, Ol | Pl, Ti-Aug, Ti-Mgt, Ilm, Ap | Ti-rich Bt, Afs, Ba-rich Afs, Nph | (incipient levels) Cb, Anl, Ab, Ms, Ep/Czo, Chl, Bt, Ttn, Py, Fl | |
(porphyritic, medium-grained matrix) Nepheline-bearing melamonzonites | 64–62 | Di, Ti-Aug | Pl, Ti-Aug, Ba-Ti-rich Bt, Afs, Ba-rich Afs, Ti-MgtIlm, Ap ± Zrc | Nph | |||
coarse- to medium-grained (inequigranular, porphyritic) Nepheline-bearing monzonites | 46–40 | Pl, Afs, Ba-rich Afs, Ti-Aug | Ba-Ti-rich Bt, Ap, Prg, Hst, Ti-Mgt, Nph | Nph | |||
OCP MTT | (coarse- to medium-grained) (cumulatic) Oxide-rich clinopyroxenites | 100 | Ti-Aug, Di, Ilm (±Ti-Mgt) | Ti-Aug, Ilm, (±Ti-Mgt), Ap, | Ti-rich Bt, ±Py, Ap, Krs | (low-levels) Ti-rich Bt, Hem, Py, ±Cpy, Mlnt, Rmb | |
(coarse- to medium-grained) (cumulatic) Magnetitites | 100 | Ti-Mgt, Ilm, Ti-Aug | Ti-Aug, Ti-Mgt, Ilm | Ti-Mgt, Ilm | Hem, Ulv, Ant, Gth |
MTT | OCP | ||
---|---|---|---|
wt% | R118 | SM82 | R119 |
Ti-augite | 2.0 | 25.7 | 68.7 |
Diopside | 1.8 | ||
Ti-magnetite | 84.2 | 63.6 | |
Ilmenite | 5.8 | 3.3 | 5.0 |
Anatase | 0.9 | 0.5 | |
Spinel | 5.1 | 4.3 | |
Goethite | 1.9 | 2.6 | |
Pyrite | 0.7 | ||
Melantherite | 23.1 | ||
Rhomboclase | 0.7 | ||
GoF | 3.82 | 4.16 | 3.94 |
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de Souza, A.A.; Azzone, R.G.; Chmyz, L.; Tarazona, L.M.C.; de Andrade, F.R.D.; Martins, J.V.; Ruberti, E.; de Barros Gomes, C. Genesis of Fe-Ti-(V) Oxide-Rich Rocks by Open-System Evolution of Mafic Alkaline Magmas: The Case of the Ponte Nova Massif, SE Brazil. Minerals 2024, 14, 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070724
de Souza AA, Azzone RG, Chmyz L, Tarazona LMC, de Andrade FRD, Martins JV, Ruberti E, de Barros Gomes C. Genesis of Fe-Ti-(V) Oxide-Rich Rocks by Open-System Evolution of Mafic Alkaline Magmas: The Case of the Ponte Nova Massif, SE Brazil. Minerals. 2024; 14(7):724. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070724
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Souza, Amanda Andrade, Rogério Guitarrari Azzone, Luanna Chmyz, Lina Maria Cetina Tarazona, Fábio Ramos Dias de Andrade, José Vinicius Martins, Excelso Ruberti, and Celso de Barros Gomes. 2024. "Genesis of Fe-Ti-(V) Oxide-Rich Rocks by Open-System Evolution of Mafic Alkaline Magmas: The Case of the Ponte Nova Massif, SE Brazil" Minerals 14, no. 7: 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070724