A Critical Review on the Flotation Reagents for Phosphate Ore Beneficiation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Flotation Reagents for Apatite
2.1. Regulators
2.1.1. Depressors
Depressors of Phosphate Minerals
Depressors of Carbonate Minerals
Depressors of Silicate Minerals
2.2. Collectors
2.2.1. Anionic Collectors
2.2.2. Cationic Collectors
2.2.3. Amphoteric Collector
2.3. Frothers
3. Summary
4. Future Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mineral System | Size/μm | Biobased Depressors | Dosage /mg/L | pH | Adsorption Dosage /mg/m2 | Selectivity | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apatite Calcite | −74 + 34 | CMC | 50 | 9 | 0.329 0.844 | Larger adsorption onto calcite surface | [79] |
Apatite Dolomite | −74 + 37 | SA | 50 | 9 | 0.86 1.73 | Larger adsorption onto dolomite surface | [74] |
Dolomite Apatite | −74 + 37 | XG | 30 | 9 | 0.75 1.8 | Larger adsorption onto dolomite surface | [59] |
Calcite Fluorite | −74 + 37 | PSG | 200 | 7 | 14.9 12.14 | Similar adsorption onto both surfaces | [83] |
Biobased Depressant | Quartz | Refs | Biobased Depressant | Quartz | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sodium alginate | * | [92] | Starch | *** | [89,93,94] |
Carboxymethyl cellulose | * | [95] | Caustic Cassava starch | * | [96] |
Carboxymethyl chitosan | * | [97] | Calcium lignosulphonate | * | [98] |
Dextran | * | [99] | Tannic acid | * | [100] |
Hydroxypropyl starch | * | [101] | Tannin | * | [91] |
Sorghum starch | * | [102] | Humic acid/salt | *** | [103,104,105] |
Separation System | Depressant Dosage | Collector Dosage | pH | Flotation Index | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depressors of phosphate minerals | |||||
Apatite/Dolomite | H3PO4: 80 mg/L | NaOL: 25 mg/L | 5.5 | GP2O5: 27.32% RP2O5: 66.60% | [47] |
Apatite/Dolomite in collophanite | H2SO4: 17 kg/t H3Cit: 500 g/t | Gutter oil fatty acid: 1.5 kg/t | 6.0 | GP2O5: 28.46% RP2O5: 87.20% | [49] |
Apatite/Dolomite | NaPP: 100 m/L | NaOL: 60 mg/L | 7.0 | GP2O5: 34.1% RP2O5: 96.5% | [52] |
A low-grade phosphate ore | Na2SO4: 7.5 kg/t | Oleic acid: 1.5~2.0 kg/t | 4.5 | GP2O5: >32% RP2O5: 84%~87% | [53] |
Fluorapatite/Dolomite | ATMP: 1.5 mmol/L | NaOL: 80 mg/L | 9~10 | Rdolomite: 66.9% Rapatite: 15.3% | [59] |
Depressors of carbonate minerals | |||||
Apatite/Calcite | PESA: 7 mg/L | NaOL: 0.1 mmol/L | 8 | GP2O5: 29.26% RP2O5: 72.03% | [62] |
Apatite/Calcite | GA: 50 mg/L | NaOL: 0.05 mmol/L | 9 | GP2O5: 26.86% RP2O5: 88.84% | [64] |
Apatite/Dolomite | XG: 10 mg/L | NaOL: 0.3 mmol/L | 10 | GP2O5: 36.77% RP2O5: 83.6% | [65] |
collophane/dolomite | NSFC: 30 mg/L | NaOL: 15 mg/L | 9 | GP2O5: 32.58% RP2O5: 86.01% | [68] |
Dolomite-bearing phosphate ore | P(AA-AMPS): 0.24 kg/t | NaOL: 1 kg/t | 8.5 | GP2O5: 38.53% RP2O5: 82.56% | [69] |
Apatite/Dolomite | PAMS: 14 mg/L | NaOL: 100 mg/L | 9 | GP2O5: 35.43% RP2O5: 88.40% | [70] |
Apatite/Dolomite | SA: 20 mg/L | NaOL: 0.1 mmol/L | 9 | Rdolomite: 0.05% Rapatite: 88% | [74] |
Apatite/Calcite | Carboxymethyl chitosan: 10 mg/L | NaOL: 0.1 mmol/L | 9 | Rapatite: 87.8% Rcalcite: 10.1% | [79] |
Apatite/Dolomite | Flaxseed gum: 40 mg/L | NaOL: 40 mg/L | 8 | GP2O5: 39.39% RP2O5: 76.43% | [80] |
Apatite/Dolomite | TSG: 10 mg/L | NaOL: 40 mg/L | 9 | GP2O5: 35.86% RP2O5: 78.76% | [81] |
Depressors of silicate minerals | |||||
Ca2+ activated quartz | Citric acid: 1 mmol/L | NaOL: 0.5 mmol/L | 12 | Rquartz decreased by 92.15% | [88] |
Ca2+ activated quartz | NaAl: 20 mg/L | NaOL: 60 mg/L | 11.5 | Rquartz: <10% | [92] |
Quartz/Hematite | CMCS: 12 mg/L | DDA: 60 mg/L | 7.5 | Rquartz: >90% Rhematite: <5% | [97] |
Anionic Collectors | |||||
Quartz | - | NaOL: 0.5 mmol/L | 12.5 | Rquartz: 84.50% | [108] |
Phosphate flotation tailings | Corn starch: 500 g/t | ROS/KE: 80 g/t | 11.5 | GP2O5: 29.4% RP2O5: 46.2% | [113] |
Apatite | - | Oleamide/sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate | 9 | Rapatite improved by 4.87% | [115] |
Cationic collectors | |||||
Apatite/Quartz | - | BHCPDA: 0.1 mmol/L | 6 | Rquartz: ~100% Rapatite: ~0% | [117] |
Apatite/Quartz | - | DDAIP: 0.01 mmol/L | 7 | Rquartz: 90% Rapatite: 10% | [119] |
Quartz/Hematite | Starch | PDDA: 20 mg/L | 7.38 | Rquartz: 94.9% RHematite: 62.4% | [120] |
Apatite/Quartz | - | HDMEA: 20 mg/L | 6.43 | GP2O5: 38.57% RP2O5: 95.8% | [121] |
Amphoteric collector | |||||
Apatite/Dolomite | - | C16Gly: 0.1 mmol/L | 9 | Rgap was 80% | [127] |
Collophane/Quartz /Dolomite | - | C12Giy: 30 mg/L | 3.5 | Rgap of collophane and dolomite was 82.26% at pH 3; Rgap of dolomite and collophane was 74.57% at pH 5 | [128] |
Francolite/Dolomite | - | Dodecyl-N-carboxyethyl-N-hydroxyethyl-imidazoline: 290 g/t | 10.5 | GP2O5: 35.2% RP2O5: 90% | [129] |
Apatite/Calcite | - | BABP: 0.36 mM | 9 | Rapatite: >90% Rcalcite: <20% | [132] |
Phosphate ore | H2SO4 | Lecithin: 40 mg/L | 5 | GP2O5: 31.05% RP2O5: 98.21% | [133] |
Phosphate ore | - | Lecithin: 40 mg/L | 8.5 | GP2O5: 32.39% RP2O5: 96% | [134] |
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Yu, L.; Yu, P.; Bai, S. A Critical Review on the Flotation Reagents for Phosphate Ore Beneficiation. Minerals 2024, 14, 828. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080828
Yu L, Yu P, Bai S. A Critical Review on the Flotation Reagents for Phosphate Ore Beneficiation. Minerals. 2024; 14(8):828. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080828
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Liangmou, Pan Yu, and Shaojun Bai. 2024. "A Critical Review on the Flotation Reagents for Phosphate Ore Beneficiation" Minerals 14, no. 8: 828. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080828