An Isotope Study of the Dzhida Mo–W Ore Field (Western Transbaikalia, Russia)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
2.1. The Pervomaika Deposit
2.2. The Inkur Deposit
2.3. The Kholtoson Deposit
3. Analytical Methods
4. Results
4.1. O, C, H Isotope Data
4.1.1. The Pervomaika Deposit
4.1.2. The Kholtoson Deposit
4.2. S Isotope Data
4.3. Sr, Nd Isotope Data
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- Granites in the Pervomaika massif were formed as a result of the melting of the crustal substrate following exposure to high-temperature mantle fluid. The low δ18O values and initial ratios of 87Sr/86Sr and the positive values of εNd (T) provide evidence of this formation.
- Components of deep (mantle) source such as F, S, and CO2 were involved in the formation of the Dzhida ore field.
- The ore-forming fluids included waters from the meteoric source at the later stages of deposit formation.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ID No. | Sample No. | Description | Mineral | δ18O‰ | δ18O‰ | Proportion of Meteoric Water (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VSMOW | Fluid | |||||
Granite (750 °C) | ||||||
1 | P-15-1a | Euhedral grains | Quartz | 5.9 | 4.6 | 13.7 |
2 | P-15-1б | Interstitial grains | K-feldspar | 5.3 | 5.3 | 11.2 |
3 | P-15-2a | Euhedral grains | Quartz | 5.5 | 4.2 | 15.1 |
4 | P-15-2б | K-feldspar | 4.7 | 4.7 | 13.3 | |
Pre-ore stage (Greisen, 350 °C) | ||||||
5 | P-15-9 | Aggregates of dense bladed crystals | Muscovite | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.3 |
Hydrothermal stage (350 °C) | ||||||
6 | P-15-7 | Lamellar aggregate from quartz–molybdenite veins | Muscovite | 3.9 | 3.3 | 18.3 |
7 | P-17-1 | Muscovite | 4.8 | 4.2 | 15.1 | |
8 | P-15-7б | Euhedral grains from quartz–K-feldspar–beryl veinlets | K-feldspar | 3.8 | 0.7 | 27.4 |
9 | P-15-6 | K-feldspar | 5.4 | 2.3 | 21.8 | |
10 | P-15-7a | Beryl | 4.5 | 5.0 | 12.3 | |
11 | P-17-2 | Beryl | 5.3 | 5.8 | 9.5 | |
12 | P-15-1 | Quartz | 6.5 | 0.9 | 26.7 | |
13 | P-15-2/1 | Quartz | 5.3 | −0.3 | 30.9 | |
14 | P-15-3 | Quartz–molybdenite veinlets | Quartz | 5.7 | 0.1 | 29.5 |
15 | P-15-4 | Quartz | 5.7 | 0.1 | 29.5 | |
16 | P-15-5 | Quartz | 6.6 | 1.0 | 26.3 |
ID No. | Sample No. | Description | Mineral | δ18O‰ | δ18O‰ | Proportion of Meteoric Water (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VSMOW | Fluid | |||||
Syenite | ||||||
1 | 113-46 | Whole-rock | 2.9 | |||
2 | KH-17 | Whole-rock | 4.4 | |||
Pre-ore stage (Greisen 350 °C) | ||||||
3 | Dzh-1C | Lamellar aggregate | Muscovite | 4.9 | 4.6 | 13.7 |
4 | KH-15-6 | Muscovite | 5.3 | 5.0 | 12.3 | |
5 | KH-15-1 | Muscovite | 5.0 | 4.7 | 13.3 | |
6 | KH-15-2 | Muscovite | 5.5 | 5.2 | 11.6 | |
7 | KH-15-5a | Muscovite | 5.3 | 5.0 | 12.28 | |
Ore stage (300 °C) | ||||||
8 | Dzh-1к | Quartz–hubnerite veins | Quartz | 7.3 | 0.3 | 28.8 |
9 | Dzh-13/87 | Quartz | 8.8 | 1.8 | 23.5 | |
10 | KH-15-9a | Quartz | 7.2 | 0.2 | 29.1 | |
11 | KH-15-6a | Quartz | 9.7 | 2.7 | 20.4 | |
12 | KH-15-13 | Quartz | 8.5 | 1.5 | 24.6 | |
13 | KH-15-12/1 | Quartz | 7.4 | 0.4 | 28.4 | |
14 | KH-12/2 | Quartz | 7.8 | 0.8 | 27.0 | |
15 | KH-15-18 | Quartz | 9.1 | 2.1 | 22.5 | |
16 | KH-15-5 | Quartz | 8.7 | 1.7 | 23.9 | |
17 | KH-15-11 | Quartz–carbonate–hubnerite veins | Quartz | 7.3 | 0.3 | 28.8 |
18 | KH-15-10a | Quartz | 7.0 | 0 | 29.8 | |
19 | KH-15-8 | Quartz | 7.7 | 0.7 | 27.4 | |
20 | GM-1210 | Quartz | 8.9 | 1.9 | 23.2 | |
21 | KH-15-9б | Euhedral grains from quartz–hubnerite veins | K-feldspar | 5.6 | 1.4 | 24.9 |
22 | Dzh-13/87 | K-feldspar | 6.4 | 2.2 | 22.1 | |
23 | KH-15-8a | K-feldspar | 5.7 | −0.4 | 31.2 | |
24 | KH-15-14a | K-feldspar | 5.8 | 1.6 | 24.2 | |
25 | KH-15-11a | K-feldspar | 4.8 | 0.6 | 27.7 | |
26 | KH-15-10 | K-feldspar | 5.9 | 1.7 | 23.9 | |
27 | KH-15-7б | Euhedral grains from quartz–carbonate–hubnerite veins | K-feldspar | 3.8 | 1.5 | 24.6 |
28 | KH-15-14 | Euhedral grains from quartz–hubnerite veins | Hubnerite | −1.1 | 0.7 | 27.4 |
29 | Dzh-1в | Hubnerite | −0.7 | 1.1 | 26.0 | |
30 | KH-15-13 | Hubnerite | −1.1 | 0.7 | 27.4 | |
31 | KH-15-15 | Hubnerite | −2.7 | −0.9 | 33.0 | |
32 | KH-15-10 | Hubnerite | −2.5 | −0.7 | 32.3 | |
33 | GM-12-10 | Euhedral grains from quartz–carbonate–hubnerite veins | Hubnerite | −0.9 | 0.9 | 26.7 |
34 | P-15-9a | Hubnerite | −1.4 | 0.4 | 28.4 | |
35 | P-18-4 | Hubnerite | −1.4 | 0.4 | 28.4 | |
36 | Dzh 13/87 | Triplite | 1.5 | |||
37 | Dzh-2 | Triplite | 1.1 | |||
38 | GM-1210 | Scheelite | 1.9 | −0.8 | 32.6 | |
39 | P-18-2 | Apatite | 2.6 | |||
40 | P-18-4 | Apatite | 1.9 |
Sample | GM-1210 | KH-15-10a | KH-15-13 | KH-15-9a | KH-15-5 | Sample | KH-15-8 | Dzh-13/87 | KH-15-11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartz | 8.9 | 7.0 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 8.7 | Quartz | 7.7 | 8.8 | 7.3 |
Hubnerite | −0.9 | −2.5 | −1.1 | −1.4 | −1.1 | K-feldspar | 5.7 | 6.4 | 4.8 |
∆ | 9.8 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 8.6 | 9.8 | ∆ | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
T (Q-Hb) | 277 | 290 | 286 | 333 | 281 | T(Q-Kfs) | 391 | 313 | 297 |
Sample No. | Mineral | δ18O, ‰ VSMOW | δ13C, ‰ VPDB |
---|---|---|---|
Dzh-1 | Rhodochrosite | 9.3 | −7.0 |
23/4 | Rhodochrosite | 6.8 | −5.7 |
P-1 | Rhodochrosite | 7.8 | −7.5 |
P-2 | Ankerite | 9.2 | −4.4 |
P-16 | Ankerite | 9.8 | −4.2 |
KH-15-18 | Ankerite | 8.14 | −3.8 |
1300 | Calcite | 5.8 | −8.9 |
Sample No. | Description | Mineral | δ34S‰ VCTD |
---|---|---|---|
The Pervomaika deposit | |||
201/1 | Blade crystals from quartz–molybdenite veinlets | Molybdenite | 2.1 |
201/2 | Molybdenite | 0.3 | |
201/3 | Molybdenite | 1.5 | |
C-160 | Blade crystals from molybdenite veinlets | Molybdenite | −0.2 |
P-17 | Molybdenite | −0.2 | |
P-C-223 | Euhedral crystals from quartz–molybdenite veinlets | Pyrite | −1.3 |
P-C-223-1 | Pyrite | −1.8 | |
P-C-228 | Pyrite | −0.9 | |
P-C-123 | Pyrite | 0.9 | |
P-C-123-1a | Sphalerite | −1.9 | |
P-C-123-2 | Sphalerite | 1.1 | |
The Inkur deposit | |||
105-78 | Euhedral crystals from quartz–K-feldspar–hubnerite veinlets | Pyrite | −0.7 |
105-78-1 | Sphalerite | −2.2 | |
105-78-2 | Chalcopyrite | 1.2 | |
The Kholtoson deposit | |||
1615-4 | Euhedral crystals from quartz–sulfide–hubnerite veins | Pyrite | 0.3 |
1370-6 | Pyrite | 2.4 | |
182-383 | Pyrite | 2.3 | |
C-33-182 | Pyrite | 1.3 | |
247-1 | Sphalerite | 2.2 | |
1370 | Chalcopyrite | −0.4 | |
1370-1 | Euhedral grains from quartz–carbonate–hubnerite veins | Galena | −5.3 |
C-105-15 | Galena | 1.5 | |
1700 | Galena | −0.9 | |
247 | Galena | −1.8 | |
247-1a | Galena | −1.8 | |
1789 | Galena | −6.0 |
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Ripp, G.S.; Smirnova, O.K.; Izbrodin, I.A.; Lastochkin, E.I.; Rampilov, M.O.; Posokhov, V.F. An Isotope Study of the Dzhida Mo–W Ore Field (Western Transbaikalia, Russia). Minerals 2018, 8, 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120546
Ripp GS, Smirnova OK, Izbrodin IA, Lastochkin EI, Rampilov MO, Posokhov VF. An Isotope Study of the Dzhida Mo–W Ore Field (Western Transbaikalia, Russia). Minerals. 2018; 8(12):546. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120546
Chicago/Turabian StyleRipp, German S., Olga K. Smirnova, Ivan A. Izbrodin, Eugeny I. Lastochkin, Mikhail O. Rampilov, and Viktor F. Posokhov. 2018. "An Isotope Study of the Dzhida Mo–W Ore Field (Western Transbaikalia, Russia)" Minerals 8, no. 12: 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8120546