Prevalence of Older Adult Disability and Primary Health Care Responsiveness in Low-Income Communities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Settings and Participants
2.3. Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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São Paulo | Manaus | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 702) | (n = 673) | ||||
Characteristics | (%) | Global Disability (%) | (%) | Global Disability (%) | p-Value * |
Sociodemographic | |||||
Gender | |||||
Female | 61.11 | 62.6 | 57.99 | 69.3 | 0.01 |
Male | 38.89 | 46.5 | 42.01 | 61.9 | |
Age (years) | |||||
60–69 | 56.59 | 51.3 | 52.53 | 58.5 | 0.002 |
70–79 | 31.42 | 62.3 | 32.08 | 71.1 | |
≥80 | 11.99 | 65.0 | 15.39 | 82.9 | |
Schooling (years) | |||||
0–3 | 50.71 | 56.8 | 61.92 | 70.7 | 0.018 |
≥4 | 49.29 | 55.0 | 38.08 | 59.4 | |
Married/partnered | |||||
Yes | 52.41 | 52.3 | 44.82 | 67.3 | 0.023 |
No | 47.59 | 61.0 | 55.18 | 65.3 | |
Personal income (n × MW) † | |||||
0 | 19.51 | 56.7 | 14.36 | 53.4 | <0.001 |
>0 ≤1 | 22.55 | 70.0 | 46.15 | 72.1 | |
>1 <2 | 26.62 | 54.9 | 24.0 | 63.9 | |
≥2 | 31.31 | 47.8 | 15.49 | 63.6 | |
Skin color or race | |||||
White/Asian | 51.60 | 60.7 | 29.91 | 60.6 | <0.001 |
Black/Brown/Indigenous | 48.40 | 51.2 | 70.09 | 68.4 | |
Health Status/Lifestyle | |||||
Morbidities (n) | |||||
0 | 47.12 | 48.1 | 34.56 | 46.4 | <0.001 |
1 | 29.02 | 56.5 | 25.93 | 67.3 | |
≥2 | 23.87 | 72.7 | 39.51 | 82.9 | |
Depression | |||||
No | 92.22 | 55.9 | 92.21 | 63.9 | 0.996 |
Yes | 7.78 | 62.7 | 7.79 | 91.3 | |
Self-reported health status | |||||
Very good/good | 56.12 | 41.4 | 49.84 | 54.7 | 0.103 |
Regular/bad/very bad | 43.88 | 75.4 | 50.16 | 77.7 | |
Smoker | |||||
No | 87.77 | 53.2 | 90.86 | 67.1 | 0.141 |
Yes | 12.23 | 69.8 | 9.14 | 66.4 | |
Consultation with family physician(last 3 months) | |||||
No | 51.9 | 53.0 | 57.86 | 62.6 | 0.177 |
Yes | 48.1 | 60.0 | 42.14 | 70.8 | |
Social Support | |||||
Pleased with support received from children or friends | |||||
Yes | 91.28 | 53.6 | 94.83 | 65.7 | 0.033 |
No | 8.72 | 90.2 | 5.17 | 82.0 | |
Church attendance in the last year | |||||
>3 times/month | 42.71 | 54.0 | 62.33 | 64.1 | <0.001 |
Occasional | 41.87 | 57.8 | 28.91 | 66.3 | |
None | 15.41 | 59.5 | 8.76 | 81.8 |
Characteristics | Global Disability | Severe Disability | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
São Paulo | Manaus | São Paulo | Manaus | |||||
PR * (95% CI) | p-Value | PR * (95% CI) | p-Value | PR * (95% CI) | p-Value | PR * (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Sociodemographic | ||||||||
Gender (ref: female) † | 0.74 (0.63–0.87) | 0.001 | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | 0.135 | 0.66 (0.35–1.23) | 0.190 | 0.84 (0.50–1.40) | 0.512 |
Age (years)† | 1.02 (1.00–1.02) | 0.001 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.068 | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.048 |
Schooling (ref: 0–3 years) | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 0.748 | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | 0.043 | 0.95 (0.54–1.67) | 0.858 | 1.53 (0.93–2.52) | 0.086 |
Married/partnered (ref: yes) | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | 0.83 | 0.87 (0.76–1.00) | 0.060 | 0.48 (0.21–1.09) | 0.081 | 0.80 (0.42–1.53) | 0.500 |
Personal income (n × MW)†† | ||||||||
0 | 1 | 0.054 | 1 | 0.822 | 1 | 0.347 | 0.007 | |
1 × the MW | 1.12 (0.84–1.50) | 1.19 (0.93–1.53) | 1.09 (0.44–2.68) | 1.35 (0.42–4.31) | ||||
2 × the MW | 0.92 (0.71–1.19) | 1.10 (0.87–1.38) | 0.95 (0.50–1.82) | 0.83 (0.26–2.59) | ||||
≥3 × the MW | 0.87 (0.68–1.13) | 1.13 (0.84–1.51) | 0.68 (0.24–1.90) | 0.48 (0.17–1.31) | ||||
Skin color/race (ref: White/Asian) | 0.28 (0.14–0.57) | 0.001 | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | 0.131 | 0.73 (0.44–1.22) | 0.232 | 0.75 (0.43–1.32) | 0.311 |
Health Status/Lifestyle | ||||||||
Morbidities (n) | ||||||||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
1 | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) | 0.217 | 1.38 (1.11–1.72) | 0.004 | 0.98 (0.45–2.11) | 0.955 | 2.32 (0.83–6.46) | 0.104 |
≥2 | 1.50 (1.08–2.09) | 0.017 | 1.74 (1.46–2.06) | <0.001 | 1.91 (1.09–3.35) | 0.024 | 4.64 (2.16–9.93) | <0.001 |
Depression (yes) | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 0.701 | 0.76 (0.29–1.98) | 0.564 | 1.41 (1.26–1.58) | <0.001 | 3.52 (1.95–6.35) | <0.001 |
Self-perceived health status (ref: Regular/Bad/Very bad) | 1.78 (1.48–2.15) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.23–1.61) | <0.001 | 3.46 (2.18–5.50) | <0.001 | 2.70 (1.63–4.45) | <0.001 |
Smoker (yes) | 1.43 (1.10–1.85) | 0.008 | 1.02 (0.80–1.32) | 0.820 | 1.62 (0.66–3.98) | 0.281 | 1.65 (0.85–3.22) | 0.132 |
Consultation with family physician in the last 3 months (ref: yes) | 1.12 (0.97–1.31) | 0.113 | 1.10 (0.97–1.24) | 0.107 | 1.01 (0.60–1.71) | 0.948 | 0.97 (0.67–1.41) | 0.887 |
Social Support | ||||||||
Pleased with support received from children or friends (ref: yes) | 1.64 (1.39–1.92) | <0.001 | 1.28 (1.03–1.59) | 0.023 | 2.50 (1.47–4.26) | 0.001 | 1.63 (0.57–4.65) | 0.344 |
Church attendance in the last year | ||||||||
≥3 times/month | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Occasionally | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 0.162 | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.575 | 1.09 (0.61–1.95) | 0.765 | 1.76 (0.88–3.51) | 0.106 |
None | 1.11 (0.83–1.50) | 0.442 | 1.18 (1.00–1.38) | 0.043 | 3.04 (1.73–5.33) | <0.001 | 4.41 (2.34–8.33) | <0.001 |
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Montoro Pazzini Watfe, G.; Fajersztajn, L.; Ribeiro, E.; Rossi Menezes, P.; Scazufca, M. Prevalence of Older Adult Disability and Primary Health Care Responsiveness in Low-Income Communities. Life 2020, 10, 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10080133
Montoro Pazzini Watfe G, Fajersztajn L, Ribeiro E, Rossi Menezes P, Scazufca M. Prevalence of Older Adult Disability and Primary Health Care Responsiveness in Low-Income Communities. Life. 2020; 10(8):133. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10080133
Chicago/Turabian StyleMontoro Pazzini Watfe, Giovana, Lais Fajersztajn, Euler Ribeiro, Paulo Rossi Menezes, and Marcia Scazufca. 2020. "Prevalence of Older Adult Disability and Primary Health Care Responsiveness in Low-Income Communities" Life 10, no. 8: 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10080133