Decreased Sound Tolerance in Tinnitus Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Interview
2.2. Audiological Evaluation
2.3. Questionnaires
2.3.1. Hyperacusis Questionnaire
2.3.2. Visual Analogue Scales
2.3.3. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Participants
3. Results
3.1. Audiological Tests
3.1.1. Pure Tone Audiometry
3.1.2. Uncomfortable Loudness Levels
3.1.3. Impedance Audiometry
3.2. Decreased Sound Tolerance Assessment
3.2.1. Interview
3.2.2. Visual Analogue Scales
3.2.3. Hyperacusis Questionnaire
3.3. Tinnitus Assessment
3.4. Relationship between Hyperacusis and Tinnitus
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hz | Min | Max | M | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1000 | 20 | 105 | 74.04 | 18.55 | |
Right ear | 2000 | 25 | 110 | 73.75 | 18.25 |
4000 | 25 | 120 | 76.91 | 19.83 | |
1000 | 25 | 120 | 74.85 | 18.87 | |
Left ear | 2000 | 20 | 115 | 73.82 | 18.55 |
4000 | 25 | 120 | 76.54 | 19.67 |
VAS | Min | Max | M | SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Loudness | 10 | 100 | 69.99 | 23.11 |
Pain | 0 | 100 | 47.59 | 32.43 |
Fear | 4 | 100 | 64.00 | 28.79 |
Misophonia | 0 | 100 | 38.55 | 34.28 |
Item | Item Content | Frequency of Responses for Items (%) | M | SD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
1 | Use earplugs/earmuffs to reduce noise perception | 28.8 | 37.0 | 12.3 | 21.9 | 1.27 | 1.11 |
2 | Harder to ignore sounds | 11.0 | 39.7 | 28.8 | 20.5 | 1.59 | 0.94 |
3 | Trouble reading in noise | 4.1 | 25.7 | 27.0 | 43.2 | 2.09 | 0.92 |
4 | Trouble concentrating in noise | 2.7 | 18.9 | 37.8 | 40.5 | 2.16 | 0.83 |
5 | Difficulty listening to conversation in noise | 6.8 | 23.3 | 30.1 | 39.7 | 2.03 | 0.96 |
6 | Has anyone told you that you tolerate noise badly | 31.5 | 41.1 | 12.3 | 15.1 | 1.11 | 1.02 |
7 | Particularly sensitive to street noise | 16.2 | 32.4 | 21.6 | 29.7 | 1.65 | 1.08 |
8 | Noise unpleasant in certain situations | 6.8 | 21.6 | 23.0 | 48.6 | 2.14 | 0.98 |
9 | Anticipate noise before going out | 27.0 | 31.1 | 10.8 | 31.1 | 1.46 | 1.20 |
10 | Turn down invitation because of noise | 27.0 | 44.6 | 9.5 | 18.9 | 1.20 | 1.05 |
11 | Noise bothers more in a quiet place | 7.2 | 46.4 | 23.2 | 23.2 | 1.62 | 0.93 |
12 | Stress reduces ability to concentrate in noise | 10.8 | 28.4 | 27.0 | 33.8 | 1.84 | 1.02 |
13 | Less able to concentrate in noise at end of the day | 12.2 | 37.8 | 20.3 | 29.7 | 1.68 | 1.04 |
14 | Noise causes stress | 2.7 | 28.4 | 24.3 | 44.6 | 2.11 | 0.92 |
VAS-L | VAS-P | VAS-F | VAS-M | THI | ULL RE | ULL LE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HQ | 0.52 ** | 0.36 ** | 0.58 ** | 0.18 | 0.44 ** | −0.13 | −0.16 |
VAS-L | 0.37 ** | 0.57 ** | 0.09 | 0.34 ** | −0.06 | −0.06 | |
VAS-P | 0.39 ** | −0.06 | 0.04 | −0.04 | −0.02 | ||
VAS-F | 0.18 | 0.37 ** | 0.06 | 0.04 | |||
VAS-M | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.09 | ||||
THI | −0.24 | −0.28 * | |||||
ULL RE | 0.81 ** |
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Raj-Koziak, D.; Gos, E.; Kutyba, J.; Skarzynski, H.; Skarzynski, P.H. Decreased Sound Tolerance in Tinnitus Patients. Life 2021, 11, 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020087
Raj-Koziak D, Gos E, Kutyba J, Skarzynski H, Skarzynski PH. Decreased Sound Tolerance in Tinnitus Patients. Life. 2021; 11(2):87. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020087
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaj-Koziak, Danuta, Elżbieta Gos, Justyna Kutyba, Henryk Skarzynski, and Piotr H. Skarzynski. 2021. "Decreased Sound Tolerance in Tinnitus Patients" Life 11, no. 2: 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020087