Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities of Chemically-Characterized Essential Oils from the Leaves of Withania frutescens L.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.1.1. Extraction of EOW
2.1.2. Gas Chromatography—Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID)
2.1.3. Analysis of the Chemical Composition of EOW by GC/MS
2.2. Insecticidal Activity of EOW
2.2.1. Breeding of insects
2.2.2. Toxicity of EOW against Callosobruchus Maculatus
Toxicity by Contact
Toxicity by Inhalation
Repulsion Test
2.3. Antifungal Activity of EOW
2.3.1. Preparation of the Suspension Cultures
2.3.2. Preparation of Culture Media and Incubation of Petri Dishes
2.3.3. Evaluation of Mycelial Growth
Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations
Determination of the Mycelial Growth Rate (MG)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Identification of EOW Composition by GC/MS
3.2. Insecticidal Activity
3.3. Antifungal Activity of EOW
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Medium | PDA (mL) | EOW (mL) | Agar 0.2% (mL) | Concentration (mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 40.00 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 |
1 | 36.00 | 0.4000 | 3.6000 | 1/100 |
2 | 38.00 | 0.2000 | 1.8000 | 1/200 |
3 | 39.00 | 0.1000 | 0.9000 | 1/400 |
4 | 39.50 | 0.0500 | 0.4500 | 1/800 |
5 | 39.75 | 0.0250 | 0.2250 | 1/1600 |
6 | 39.75 | 0.0125 | 0.1125 | 1/3200 |
Peak | R.T (min) | Name | Formula | Area (%) | RI | Chemical Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 6.70 | Camphene | C10H16 | 4.42 | 946 | |
2 | 6.81 | 1,8-Cineole | C10H18O | 6.93 | 1031 | |
3 | 7.47 | Fenchone | C10H16O | 4.43 | 1086 | |
4 | 7.63 | α-Thujone | C10H16O | 2.88 | 1102 | |
5 | 7.74 | β-Thujone | C10H16O | 1.53 | 1114 | |
6 | 8.09 | Camphor | C10H16O | 9.13 | 1146 | |
7 | 8.95 | Pulegone | C10H16O | 5.37 | 1237 | |
8 | 9.28 | Thymol | C10H14O | 30.08 | 1290 | |
9 | 9.39 | Carvacrol | C10H14O | 31.87 | 1299 | |
10 | 10.03 | Piperitenone oxide | C10H14O2 | 3.37 | 1368 | |
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Abdelfattah, E.M.; Aimad, A.; Bourhia, M.; Chebbac, K.; Salamatullah, A.M.; Soufan, W.; Nafidi, H.-A.; Aboul-Soud, M.A.M.; Ouahmane, L.; Bari, A. Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities of Chemically-Characterized Essential Oils from the Leaves of Withania frutescens L. Life 2022, 12, 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010088
Abdelfattah EM, Aimad A, Bourhia M, Chebbac K, Salamatullah AM, Soufan W, Nafidi H-A, Aboul-Soud MAM, Ouahmane L, Bari A. Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities of Chemically-Characterized Essential Oils from the Leaves of Withania frutescens L. Life. 2022; 12(1):88. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010088
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelfattah, El Moussaoui, Allali Aimad, Mohammed Bourhia, Khalid Chebbac, Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah, Walid Soufan, Hiba-Allah Nafidi, Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud, Lahcen Ouahmane, and Amina Bari. 2022. "Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities of Chemically-Characterized Essential Oils from the Leaves of Withania frutescens L." Life 12, no. 1: 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010088