It Takes Two to Tango: Potential Prognostic Impact of Circulating TGF-Beta and PD-L1 in Pancreatic Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Detection of Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and Soluble TGF-Beta (sTGF-Beta) Levels
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Circulating sTGF-Beta and sPD-L1 Levels in Radically-Resected and Metastatic PDAC Patients
3.3. Circulating TGF-Beta and PD-L1 Levels in Radically-Resected PDAC Patients at Disease Relapse
3.4. Circulating sTGF-Beta and sPD-L1 Baseline Levels in Metastatic PDAC Patients at Disease Progression after First-Line Chemotherapy
3.5. Circulating TGF-Beta and PD-L1 and Proportions of Different Immune Cells
3.6. Circulating TGF-Beta and PD-L1 and Clinical Outcome
3.6.1. Metastatic PDAC and Baseline sTGF-Beta and sPD-L1
3.6.2. Radically Resected PDAC and Baseline sTGF-Beta and sPD-L1
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Metastatic No, % | Radically Resected No, % |
---|---|---|
No. Patients | 23 | 15 |
Age (median), y | 69 (48–83%) | 69 (43–82%) |
Sex | ||
Male | 10 (43.5%) | 8 (53%) |
Female | 13 (56.5%) | 7 (47%) |
Tumor location | head: 16 (70%) | head: 10 (67%) |
body-tail: 5 (30%) | body-tail: 5 (23%) | |
TNM in resected PDAC pts | ||
T | T1N0 (1 pt), T2N0 (5 pts), unknown (1 pt) | |
N | T1-3N+ (8 pts) | |
CEA elevated after surgery | ||
no | 11 (73%) | |
yes | 4 (27%) | |
CA 19-9 elevated after surgery | ||
no | 12 (80%) | |
yes | 3 (20%) | |
Adjuvant therapy | gemcitabine-based regimen: 6 (40%) | |
5-FU based regimen: 7 (47%) | ||
no adjuvant therapy: 2 (13%) | ||
Relapse after surgery | ||
no | 5 (33%) | |
yes | 10 (67%) | |
Median DFS | 8 (4–18 months) | |
CEA elevated at diagnosis of metastatic disease | ||
no | 10 (43.5%) | |
yes | 13 (56.5%) | |
CA 19-9 elevated at diagnosis of metastatic disease | ||
no | 3 (13%) | |
yes | 20 (87%) | |
Location of metastases | liver only: 8 (35%) | |
lung only: 1 (4%) | ||
two or more sites: 14 (61%) | ||
Palliative chemotherapy | gemcitabine-based: 14 (61%) | |
5FU-based: 7 (30%) | ||
no therapy: 2 (9%) |
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Garajová, I.; Cavazzoni, A.; Verze, M.; Minari, R.; Pedrazzi, G.; Balsano, R.; Gelsomino, F.; Valle, R.D.; Digiacomo, G.; Giovannetti, E.; et al. It Takes Two to Tango: Potential Prognostic Impact of Circulating TGF-Beta and PD-L1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Life 2022, 12, 960. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070960
Garajová I, Cavazzoni A, Verze M, Minari R, Pedrazzi G, Balsano R, Gelsomino F, Valle RD, Digiacomo G, Giovannetti E, et al. It Takes Two to Tango: Potential Prognostic Impact of Circulating TGF-Beta and PD-L1 in Pancreatic Cancer. Life. 2022; 12(7):960. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070960
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarajová, Ingrid, Andrea Cavazzoni, Michela Verze, Roberta Minari, Giuseppe Pedrazzi, Rita Balsano, Fabio Gelsomino, Raffaele Dalla Valle, Graziana Digiacomo, Elisa Giovannetti, and et al. 2022. "It Takes Two to Tango: Potential Prognostic Impact of Circulating TGF-Beta and PD-L1 in Pancreatic Cancer" Life 12, no. 7: 960. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070960