Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Histological Characteristics of Melanoma Patients According to the Age Groups: A Retrospective Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- -
- Epidemiologic data (gender, age at the moment of melanoma diagnosis, and location of melanoma), family or personal history of melanoma, and previous non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
- -
- The topography of melanoma was described as head and neck, trunk, upper limb and lower limb (including acral melanomas), and special locations (nail apparatus, mucous membrane of the oral or genital area, and eye).
- -
- Melanoma risk factors that manifested clinically, including multiple acquired melanocytic nevi (above 50 melanocytic nevi), atypical nevus syndrome, skin phototype I or II, solar lentiginosis (as a marker for sun burn episodes), previous/coexisting non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and genetic syndromes.
- -
- Presence of histopathological report of melanoma. The histopathological subtypes of melanoma were evaluated as lentigo maligna (facial and extrafacial), lentigo maligna melanoma (facial), superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, spitzoid melanoma, nevoid melanoma, and desmoplastic melanoma. The melanoma invasiveness was described according to the TNM staging system/8th AJCC classification as pTis, pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4 [10].
- -
- Videodermoscopic documentation of melanoma. The dermoscopic pattern of melanoma was allocated to one of the following subtypes: multicomponent asymmetric, spitzoid, melanoma on sun damaged skin, hypomelanotic/amelanotic, homogenous, nodular, melanoma on face, and melanoma in special location (nail apparatus/acral/mucous membranes). The dermoscopic regression structures were regarded as present or absent.
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Characteristics of the Melanoma Patients
3.2. The Analysis between the Individual Age Groups
3.3. Crude (Unadjusted) Odds Ratios for the Age Groups (Table 2)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | Age < 31 y | Age 31–60 y | Age > 60 y | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Within the Group | Within the Group | Within the Group | |||
Gender | 12 | 113 | 64 | NS | |
Female | 120 (63.5%) | 6 (50.0%) | 71 (62.8%) | 43 (67.2%) | |
Male | 69 (36.5%) | 6 (50.0%) | 42 (37.2%) | 21 (32.8%) | |
History of personal/familial melanoma | NS | ||||
Yes | 24 (12.5%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (15.9%) | 6 (9.4%) | |
No | 165 (87.3%) | 12 (100.00%) | 95 (84.1%) | 58 (90.6%) | |
Multiple acquired nevi/Atypical nevus syndrome | <0.0005 | ||||
Yes | 121 (64.0%) | 8 (66.7%) | 86(76.1%) | 27(42.2%) | |
No | 68 (36%) | 4 (33.3%) | 27 (23.9%) | 37 (57.8%) | |
Skin phototype | NS | ||||
I | 6 (3.2%) | 3 (25.0%) | 2 (1.7%) | 1 (1.5%) | |
II | 177 (93.6%) | 9 (75.0%) | 107 (94.7%) | 61 (95.3%) | |
III | 6 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (3.5%) | 2 (3.1%) | |
IV–V | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Solar lentiginosis | <0.0005 | ||||
Yes | 81 (42.9%) | 2 (16.7%) | 32 (28.3%) | 47 (73.4%) | |
No | 108 (57.1%) | 10 (83.3%) | 81 (71.7%) | 17 (26.6%) | |
Histopathological report: | <0.01 | ||||
| 25 (12.0%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (8.0%) | 15 (20.8%) | |
| 4 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (5.5%) | |
Melanoma: | |||||
| 47 (22.5%) | 2 (16.6%) | 28 (22.4%) | 17 (23.6%) | |
| 101 (48.3%) | 7 (58.3%) | 69 (55.2.%) | 25 (34.7%) | |
| 24 (11.5%) | 2 (16.6%) | 13 (10.4%) | 9 (12.5%) | |
| 3 (1.4%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (1.4%) | |
| 5 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 4(3.2%) | 1 (1.4%) | |
Dermoscopic pattern of melanoma | <0.0005 | ||||
Multicomponent asymmetric | 91 (43.5%) | 4 (33.3%) | 63 (50.4%) | 24 (33.3%) | |
Spitzoid | 37 (17.7%) | 6 (50.0%) | 28 (22.4%) | 3 (4.2%) | |
Melanoma on sun damaged skin | 25 (12.0%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (7.2%) | 16 (22.2%) | |
Hypomelanotic/amelanotic | 10 (4.8%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (5.6%) | 3 (4.2%) | |
Homogenous | 5 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (3.2%) | 1 (1.4%) | |
Nodular | 12 (5.7%) | 1 (8.3%) | 6 (4.8%) | 5 (6.9%) | |
Melanoma on face | 22 (10.5%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2.4%) | 19 (26.4%) | |
Melanoma in special location (nail apparatus/acral/mucous membranes) | 7 (3.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 5 (4.0%) | 1 (1.4%) | |
Dermoscopic structures of regression | <0.001 | ||||
Yes | 61 (29.2%) | 1 (8.3%) | 27 (21.6%) | 33 (45.8%) | |
No | 148 (70.8%) | 11 (91.7%) | 98 (78.4%) | 39 (54.2%) | |
Melanoma location: | <0.0005 | ||||
| 25 (11.9%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (4.8%) | 19 (26.%) | |
| 70 (33.5%) | 4 (33.3.%) | 46 (36.8%) | 20 (27.8%) | |
| 40 (19.1%) | 3 (25.0%) | 22 (17.6%) | 15 (20.8%) | |
| 71 (34.0%) | 4 (33.3%) | 49 (39.2%) | 18 (25.0%) | |
| 1 (0.5%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
Previous/concomitant NMSC | <0.0005 | ||||
Yes | 41 (21.7%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (8.9%) | 31(48.4%) | |
No | 148 (78.3%) | 12 (100%) | 103 (91.1%) | 33 (51.6%) |
Factor | OR | 95%CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Characteristics of melanoma patients below 31 years of age (unadjusted) | |||
Gender (male) | 1.8 | 0.53–6.15 | NS |
Melanoma (previous/concomitant or in family history) | ND | ND | ND |
Atypical nevus syndrome or multiple acquired nevi | 1.11 | 0.33–4.46 | NS |
NMSC (previous/concomitant) | ND | ND | ND |
Regression under dermoscopy | 0.23 | 0.01–1.26 | NS |
Solar lentiginosis | 0.26 | 0.04–1.06 | NS |
Characteristics of melanoma patients between 31 and 60 years of age (unadjusted) | |||
Gender (male) | 0.7 | 0.59–1.98 | NS |
Melanoma (previous/concomitant or in family history) | 2.17 | 0.85–6.34 | NS |
Atypical nevus syndrome or multiple acquired nevi | 3.69 | 1.99–6.99 | <0.00001 |
NMSC (previous/concomitant) | 0.14 | 0.06–0.31 | <0.000001 |
Regression under dermoscopy | 0.41 | 0.22–0.75 | <0.005 |
Solar lentiginosis | 0.22 | 0.12–0.41 | <0.000001 |
Characteristics of melanoma patients 60 years old (unadjusted) | |||
Gender (male) | 0.79 | 0.41–1.48 | NS |
Melanoma (previous/concomitant or in family history) | 0.63 | 0.21–1.6 | NS |
Atypical nevus syndrome or multiple acquired nevi | 0.24 | 0.13–0.46 | 0.00001 |
NMSC (previous/concomitant) | 10.53 | 4.81–24.94 | <0.000001 |
Regression under dermoscopy | 3.27 | 1.76–6.15 | <0.0001 |
Solar lentiginosis | 7.27 | 3.74– 14.74 | <0.000001 |
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Słowińska, M.; Czarnecka, I.; Czarnecki, R.; Tatara, P.; Nasierowska-Guttmejer, A.; Lorent, M.; Cierniak, S.; Owczarek, W. Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Histological Characteristics of Melanoma Patients According to the Age Groups: A Retrospective Observational Study. Life 2023, 13, 1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061369
Słowińska M, Czarnecka I, Czarnecki R, Tatara P, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, Lorent M, Cierniak S, Owczarek W. Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Histological Characteristics of Melanoma Patients According to the Age Groups: A Retrospective Observational Study. Life. 2023; 13(6):1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061369
Chicago/Turabian StyleSłowińska, Monika, Iwona Czarnecka, Robert Czarnecki, Paulina Tatara, Anna Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Małgorzata Lorent, Szczepan Cierniak, and Witold Owczarek. 2023. "Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Histological Characteristics of Melanoma Patients According to the Age Groups: A Retrospective Observational Study" Life 13, no. 6: 1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061369