Effects of Extracts of Two Selected Strains of Haematococcus pluvialis on Adipocyte Function
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microalgal Cell Culture and Growth
2.2. Biochemical Composition
2.3. 3T3-L1 Cell Culture and Differentiation
2.4. Cell Viability Assay
2.5. Quantification of Lipid Content with Oil Red O Staining
2.6. In Vitro Lipolysis
2.7. Western Blotting
2.8. IL-6 and TNFα Detection
2.9. Evaluation of Microalgal Effect on Mitochondrial Function
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Biochemical Composition
3.2. FBR1 and FBR2 Extracts Attenuate Lipid Deposition in Adipocytes
3.3. Effect of FBR1 and FBR2 Extracts on Lipolysis and Cytokine Secretion in Adipocytes
3.4. Effect of Microalgal Extracts on Mitochondrial Function
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Fat | Total Phenolic | ABTS | FRAP | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | SD | mg GAE/g lyophilisate | SD | mg TE/g lyophilisate | SD | mg TE/g lyophilisate | SD | |
HP Wt | 16.15 | 1.87 | 17.36 | 0.55 | 35.71 | 1.46 | 46.46 | 1.84 |
FBR1 | 16.88 | 1.25 | 10.15 | 0.12 | 24.49 | 0.981 | 39.06 | 2.12 |
FBR2 | 38.40 | 3.07 | 24.61 | 0.47 | 74.00 | 2.25 | 119.67 | 3.13 |
HP Wt | FBR1 | FBR2 | |
---|---|---|---|
C 8:0 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
C 10:0 | nd | 0.80 | 0.31 |
C 12:0 | 1.57 | 1.07 | 1.75 |
C 14:0 | 4.75 | 4.02 | 5.34 |
cis-C 14:1 Δ9 | 0.84 | 0.59 | 0.88 |
C 15:0 | 1.31 | 1.12 | 1.33 |
cis-C 15:1 Δ10 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.19 |
C 16:0 | 22.47 | 24.34 | 26.34 |
cis-C 16:1Δ9 | 0.73 | 0.64 | 1.06 |
C 17:0 | 2.52 | 1.02 | 1.02 |
cis-C 17:1 Δ10 | 1.06 | 0.27 | 0.38 |
C 18:0 | 16.89 | 19.78 | 17.37 |
trans-C 18:1 Δ9 | 0.62 | 0.27 | 0.15 |
cis-C 18:1 Δ9 | 22.65 | 22.30 | 23.11 |
cis-C 18:2 Δ9,12 | 10.93 | 11.36 | 8.85 |
C 20:0 | 0.44 | 0.91 | 0.66 |
cis-C 18:3 Δ6,9,12 | 1.21 | 1.29 | 1.10 |
cis-C 20: 1 Δ11 | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0.50 |
cis-C 18:3 Δ6,9,12 | 2.70 | 2.20 | 2.20 |
C 21:0 | 0.36 | 0.30 | 0.20 |
cis-C 20:2 Δ11,14 | 0.58 | 0.37 | 0.24 |
C 22:0 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.17 |
cis-C 20:3 Δ8,11,14 | 0.42 | 0.32 | 0.14 |
cis-C 22:1 Δ13 | 1.68 | 1.40 | 1.77 |
cis-C 20:3 Δ11,14,17 | 0.51 | 0.22 | 0.26 |
cis-C 20:4 Δ5,8,11,14 | 1.09 | 1.72 | 1.76 |
cis-C 22:2 Δ13,16 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.10 |
C 24:0 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.01 |
cis-C 20:5 Δ5,8,11,14,17 | 1.50 | 1.13 | 1.48 |
cis-C 24:1 Δ15 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.26 |
cis-C 22:6 Δ3,7,10,15,16,19 | 1.05 | 0.80 | 0.94 |
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Pappalardo, I.; Santarsiero, A.; Radice, R.P.; Martelli, G.; Grassi, G.; de Oliveira, M.R.; Infantino, V.; Todisco, S. Effects of Extracts of Two Selected Strains of Haematococcus pluvialis on Adipocyte Function. Life 2023, 13, 1737. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081737
Pappalardo I, Santarsiero A, Radice RP, Martelli G, Grassi G, de Oliveira MR, Infantino V, Todisco S. Effects of Extracts of Two Selected Strains of Haematococcus pluvialis on Adipocyte Function. Life. 2023; 13(8):1737. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081737
Chicago/Turabian StylePappalardo, Ilaria, Anna Santarsiero, Rosa Paola Radice, Giuseppe Martelli, Giulia Grassi, Marcos Roberto de Oliveira, Vittoria Infantino, and Simona Todisco. 2023. "Effects of Extracts of Two Selected Strains of Haematococcus pluvialis on Adipocyte Function" Life 13, no. 8: 1737. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081737