Salivary Gland Sonography in Patients with Primary Fibromyalgia—A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Laboratory Examinations
2.3. Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire
2.4. Sicca Symptoms
2.5. Salivary Gland Sonography
2.6. Salivary Gland Biopsy
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Features Suggestive of Autoimmunity
3.3. Characteristics of Primary FM Patients with Sicca Symptoms
3.4. Salivary Gland Sonography
3.5. Correlation Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FM Patients (n = 42) | |
---|---|
Age, median (IQR) (years) | 44 (39, 53) |
Female sex, n (%) | 37 (88%) |
Disease duration, median (IQR) (years) | 5 (3, 10) |
Fibromyalgianess, median (IQR) | 23 (20, 26) |
Tender points, median (IQR) | 13 (11, 16) |
ANA positivity, n (%) | 9 (21%) |
RF positivity, n (%) | 2 (5%) |
Positivity of anti-thyroid antibodies | 9 (21%) |
Elevated ESR, n (%) | 3 (7%) |
Elevated hsCRP, n (%) | 5 (12%) |
FIQR, median (IQR) | 53 (31, 63) |
Levels of pain, median (IQR) | 7 (5, 8) |
Levels of energy, median (IQR) | 6 (5, 7) |
Levels of sleep quality, median (IQR) | 8 (5, 9) |
Levels of depression, median (IQR) | 5 (3, 7) |
Levels of memory problems, median (IQR) | 6 (4, 8) |
Levels of anxiety, median (IQR) | 7 (5, 9) |
Medications, n (%) | |
Pregabalin | 22 (52%) |
Tramadol 37.5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg | 15 (36%) |
Tramadol | 21 (50%) |
Amitriptyline | 10 (24%) |
FM Patients with Dry Eye (n = 35) | FM Patients without Dry Eye (n = 7) | FM Patients with Dry Mouth (n = 38) | FM Patients without Dry Mouth (n = 4) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR) (years) | 44 (39, 53) | 44 (40, 56) | 43.5 (39, 53) | 50 (42, 63) |
Female sex, n (%) | 30 (86%) | 7 (100%) | 33 (87%) | 4 (100%) |
Disease duration, median (IQR) (years) | 5 (3, 11) | 5 (3, 6) | 5 (3, 11) | 5 (3.5, 6) |
Fibromyalgianess, median (IQR) | 23 (19, 27) | 22 (20, 25) | 23 (20, 26) | 23 (18, 25) |
Teder points, median (IQR) | 15 (11, 17) | 11 (6, 13) | 15 (11, 17) | 10 (5, 11.5) * |
ANA positivity, n (%) | 8 (23%) | 1 (14%) | 8 (21%) | 1 (25%) |
RF positivity, n (%) | 2 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
Thyroid autoimmunity, n (%) | 8 (23%) | 1 (14%) | 9 (24%) | 0 (0%) |
Elevated ESR, n (%) | 3 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (8%) | 0 (0%) |
Elevated hsCRP, n (%) | 4 (12%) | 1 (14%) | 4 (11%) | 1 (25%) |
FIQR, median (IQR) | 58 (30, 63) | 46 (41, 67) | 54 (36, 63) | 39 (23, 64) |
Levels of pain, median (IQR) | 7 (5, 8) | 6 (6, 7) | 7 (5, 8) | 4.5 (2, 6) * |
Levels of energy, median (IQR) | 6 (5, 8) | 6 (3, 7) | 6 (5, 8) | 3 (0.5, 6) |
Levels of sleep quality, median (IQR) | 8 (5, 10) | 8 (4, 9) | 8 (5, 10) | 7 (4, 8.5) |
Levels of depression, median (IQR) | 5 (3, 7) | 5 (2, 7) | 5 (3, 7) | 5 (3.5, 6) |
Levels of memory problems, median (IQR) | 6 (5, 8) | 5 (4, 8) | 6 (4, 8) | 6.5 (4, 8) |
Levels of anxiety, median (IQR) | 7 (5, 9) | 8 (6, 9) | 7 (5, 9) | 6 (5, 7) |
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Lin, C.-T.; Chen, D.-Y.; Chen, Y.-H.; Lai, C.-C.; Tang, K.-T. Salivary Gland Sonography in Patients with Primary Fibromyalgia—A Pilot Study. Life 2024, 14, 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14081043
Lin C-T, Chen D-Y, Chen Y-H, Lai C-C, Tang K-T. Salivary Gland Sonography in Patients with Primary Fibromyalgia—A Pilot Study. Life. 2024; 14(8):1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14081043
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Ching-Tsai, Der-Yuan Chen, Yi-Hsing Chen, Chien-Chen Lai, and Kuo-Tung Tang. 2024. "Salivary Gland Sonography in Patients with Primary Fibromyalgia—A Pilot Study" Life 14, no. 8: 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14081043