A Sister Species for the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus? A Tale Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Diagnostic Molecular Analysis
2.3. Phylogeographic and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.4. Estimation of Divergence Time
3. Results
3.1. Phylogeographic and Phylogenetic Relationships among Callinectes sapidus Populations from the Whole Distribution Range
3.2. Evolutionary Relationships among Callinectes sapidus Populations, along with Species of the Genus Callinectes
3.3. Genetic Variation of Callinectes sapidus within Its Mediterranean and Black Sea Ranges of Distribution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Geographic Region | N | S | H | h | π |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States of America | 397 | 100 | 146 | 0.922 | 0.00766 |
Puerto Rico | 22 | 34 | 10 | 0.749 | 0.00600 |
Jamaica | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.00000 |
United Mexican States | 43 | 38 | 22 | 0.844 | 0.01777 |
North America | 463 | 108 | 162 | 0.931 | 0.01249 |
Nicaragua | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0.833 | 0.00184 |
Costa Rica | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.00000 |
Central America | 5 | 4 | 4 | 0.900 | 0.00284 |
Venezuela | 90 | 45 | 30 | 0.614 | 0.00216 |
Colombia | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0.833 | 0.00158 |
Brazil | 19 | 22 | 7 | 0.667 | 0.01168 |
South America | 113 | 53 | 39 | 0.729 | 0.00712 |
Turkey—Black Sea | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1.000 | 0.00527 |
Greece | 15 | 0 | 1 | 0.000 | 0.00000 |
Turkey—Levantine Sea | 36 | 46 | 11 | 0.744 | 0.01317 |
Eastern Mediterranean | 51 | 45 | 11 | 0.733 | 0.01289 |
Spain | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0.600 | 0.00292 |
Peninsular Italy | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0.000 | 0.00000 |
Sardinia | 21 | 3 | 2 | 0.524 | 0.00248 |
Sicily | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0.500 | 0.00237 |
Western Mediterranean | 32 | 3 | 2 | 0.508 | 0.00247 |
Whole Mediterranean | 83 | 45 | 12 | 0.725 | 0.01103 |
Whole dataset | 667 | 124 | 196 | 0.937 | 0.01793 |
Group | N | S | H | h | π |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 176 | 60 | 50 | 0.685 | 0.00349 |
B | 491 | 110 | 156 | 0.933 | 0.00699 |
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Locci, C.; Azzena, I.; Pascale, N.; Ciccozzi, A.; Deplano, I.; Giantsis, I.A.; Papadopoulos, D.K.; Lattos, A.; Orrù, F.; Puzzi, C.M.; et al. A Sister Species for the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus? A Tale Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA. Life 2024, 14, 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091116
Locci C, Azzena I, Pascale N, Ciccozzi A, Deplano I, Giantsis IA, Papadopoulos DK, Lattos A, Orrù F, Puzzi CM, et al. A Sister Species for the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus? A Tale Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA. Life. 2024; 14(9):1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091116
Chicago/Turabian StyleLocci, Chiara, Ilenia Azzena, Noemi Pascale, Alessandra Ciccozzi, Ilaria Deplano, Ioannis A. Giantsis, Dimitrios K. Papadopoulos, Athanasios Lattos, Flavio Orrù, Cesare M. Puzzi, and et al. 2024. "A Sister Species for the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus? A Tale Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA" Life 14, no. 9: 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091116