Cerebral Microbleeds in a Stroke Prevention Clinic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Patients
2.2. Stroke Outcome at Follow-Up
2.3. CMB Progression on Follow-Up MRI Studies
2.4. Intracranial Calcification
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Standard Protocol Approvals, Registrations, and Patient Consents
4.2. Patient Selection
4.3. MRI and CMB Identification
4.4. Computed Tomography (CT) Interpretation and Cerebral Arterial Calcification Score
4.5. Clinical Outcomes
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CMB No Progression (n = 21) | CMB Progression (n = 25) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
Age | 73.3 ± 12.1 | 73.7 ± 10.4 | 0.90 | |
Clinical follow-up interval (months) | 24.2 ± 23.3 | 29.1 ± 22.1 | 0.46 | |
MRI follow-up interval (months) | 18.6 ± 12.1 | 33.1 ± 18.8 | 0.003 | |
N (%) | N (%) | |||
Male | 12 (57) | 14 (56) | 1.00 | |
Race | White | 6 (29) | 14 (56) | 0.08 (White vs. Other) |
Asian | 8 (38) | 9 (36) | ||
Hispanic | 5 (24) | 2 (8) | ||
Black | 2 (10) | 0 (0) | ||
Hypertension | 14 (67) | 22 (88) | 0.15 | |
Diabetes | 5 (24) | 7 (28) | 1.00 | |
Hyperlipidemia | 13 (62) | 15 (60) | 1.00 | |
Smoking | 3 (14) | 4 (16) | 1.00 | |
Chronic kidney disease | 5 (24) | 8 (32) | 0.22 | |
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy | 3 (14) | 6 (24) | 0.48 | |
Use of antithrombotics | 13 (62) | 15 (60) | 1.00 | |
Stroke event at follow-up | 1 (5) | 3 (12) | 0.61 |
Calcification Score (cm3) | Number of CMB at Initial Scan | Number of CMB at Follow-Up Scan |
---|---|---|
Mean ± SD Range No. of Subjects | Mean ± SD Range No. of Subjects | |
<300 Range 32–286 | 4.9 ± 2.2 1–7 (n = 8) | 5.6 ± 2.4 3–8 (n = 5) |
300–1000 Range 309–770 | 12.3. ± 12.4 0–32 (n = 9) † | 13.7 ± 13.5 0–32 (n = 9) † |
>1000 Range 1159–4021 | 13.0 ± 11.7 3–37 (n = 8) | 15.0 ± 8.6 7–27 (n = 4) |
p-value for difference in low vs. intermediate and high groups | 0.02 | 0.03 |
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Cho, A.-H.; Wadi, L.; Chow, D.; Chang, P.; Floriolli, D.; Shah, K.; Paganini-Hill, A.; Fisher, M. Cerebral Microbleeds in a Stroke Prevention Clinic. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010018
Cho A-H, Wadi L, Chow D, Chang P, Floriolli D, Shah K, Paganini-Hill A, Fisher M. Cerebral Microbleeds in a Stroke Prevention Clinic. Diagnostics. 2020; 10(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010018
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, A-Hyun, Lara Wadi, Daniel Chow, Peter Chang, David Floriolli, Krunal Shah, Annlia Paganini-Hill, and Mark Fisher. 2020. "Cerebral Microbleeds in a Stroke Prevention Clinic" Diagnostics 10, no. 1: 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010018