A CBCT Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Posterior Region for Evaluating the Possibility of Bypassing the Inferior Alveolar Nerve While Placing Dental Implants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study and Sample Characteristics
2.2. Specifications of CBCT Machine and Workstation
2.3. Standardization of Examiners and Reliability Analysis
2.4. Study Protocol and Image Analysis
- I.
- Buccalcortical plate to IAN dimension (BCPN): Linear distance from the IAN to the nearest corresponding buccal outer cortical plate.
- II.
- Lingual cortical plate to IAN dimension (LCPN): Linear distance from the IAN to the nearest corresponding lingual outer cortical plate.
- III.
- Alveolar crest to IAN dimension (ACN): Linear distance from the IAN coronally to the midpoint of alveolar crest bone corresponding to the long axis of tooth.
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.5.1. Sample Size and Power of the Study
2.5.2. Data Entry, Descriptive and Inferential Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistical Analysis of the Baseline Sample Characteristics
3.2. Inferential Analysis of the BPCN, LCPN and ACN Among the Study Groups
3.3. Inferential Analysis of the BPCN, LCPN and ACN among the Various Independent Variables-Side of Jaw, Gender and Age
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison of BCPN, LCPN and ACN Dimensions among the Patients with Different Dentition Status
4.2. Comparison of BCPN, LCPN and ACN Dimensions among the Patients with Different Dentition Status and Side of the Jaw
4.3. Comparison of BCPN, LCPN and ACN Dimensions among the Patients with Different Dentition Status and Gender
4.4. Comparison of Buccal-Lingual-Coronal Dimensions among Patients with Different Dentition Status and Age Groups
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Response | Study Group | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study Group I—Completely Edentulous (n = 80) | Study Group II—Partially Edentulous (n = 80) | Study Group III—Dentulous (n = 80) | |||
Age (Mean ± SD) | 58.41 ± 2.928 | 41.54 ± 12.702 | 38.83 ± 14.389 | - | |
Age | 18–35 Years | - | 28 (35) | 35 (43.8) | 63 (26.25) |
36–53 Years | - | 28 (35) | 24 (30) | 52 (21.66) | |
≥54 Years | 80 (100) | 24 (30) | 21 (26.3) | 125 (52.08) | |
Gender | Male | 40 (50) | 43 (53.8) | 44 (55) | 127 (52.91) |
Female | 40 (50) | 37 (46.3) | 36 (45) | 113 (47.08) |
Intragroup Comparison | Intergroup Comparison | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dimension | Tooth Position | Side of Jaw | Study Groups | p Value | |||||
Study Group I | p Value | Study Group II | p Value | Study Group III | p Value | ||||
BCPN | 3rd Molar | Right | 5.90 ± 1.16 | 0.056 b | 6.05 ± 1.04 | 0.005 **b | 6.23 ± 1.14 | 0.130 b | 0.141 a |
Left | 5.50 ± 1.17 | 5.85 ± 0.90 | 6.19 ± 0.99 | 0.491 a | |||||
2nd Molar | Right | 5.17 ± 1.261 | 0.230 b | 5.36 ± 1.04 | 0.015 *b | 5.54 ± 1.09 | 0.884 b | 0.122 a | |
Left | 5.12 ± 1.32 | 5.20 ± 0.80 | 5.52 ± 1.04 | 0.978 a | |||||
1st Molar | Right | 3.70 ± 1.33 | 0.209 b | 3.70 ± 1.00 | 0.117 b | 3.87 ± 1.29 | 0.338 b | 0.594 a | |
Left | 3.90 ± 1.19 | 3.95 ± 0.86 | 4.05 ± 1.07 | 0.654 a | |||||
2nd Premolar | Right | 2.03 ± 1.13 | 0.042 *b | 2.08 ± 0.56 | 0.899 b | 2.14 ± 0.65 | 0.002 **b | 0.847 a | |
Left | 1.48 ± 0.56 | 1.70 ± 0.72 | 1.74 ± 0.53 | 0.512 a | |||||
1st Premolar | Right | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | - | - | |
Left | 0 | 1.60 ± 0 | 0 | - | |||||
LCPN | 3rd Molar | Right | 1.90 ± 0.65 | 0.853 b | 1.82 ± 0.76 | 0.312 b | 2.07 ± 0.65 | 0.795 b | 0.070 a |
Left | 1.92 ± 0.60 | 2.01 ± 1.45 | 2.04 ± 0.64 | 0.714 a | |||||
2nd Molar | Right | 2.40 ± 0.72 | 0.286 b | 2.53 ± 0.93 | 0.533 b | 2.79 ± 0.85 | 0.616 b | 0.113 a | |
Left | 2.42 ± 0.63 | 2.48 ± 0.71 | 2.73 ± 0.76 | 0.015 a* | |||||
1st Molar | Right | 3.82 ± 1.14 | 0.583 b | 4.00 ± 1.24 | 0.475 b | 4.27 ± 1.28 | 0.238 b | 0.070 a | |
Left | 3.73 ± 1.07 | 3.87 ± 1.02 | 4.05 ± 1.08 | 0.165 a | |||||
2nd Premolar | Right | 6.32 ± 1.90 | 0.987 b | 6.51 ± 1.62 | 0.095 b | 6.68 ± 1.75 | 0.906 b | 0.203 a | |
Left | 6.09 ± 1.67 | 6.35 ± 1.44 | 6.52 ± 1.55 | 0.080 a | |||||
1st Premolar | Right | 6.50 ± 1.20 | 0.298 b | 6.80 ± 1.46 | 0.364 b | 7.61 ± 1.34 | 0.302 b | 0.044 a* | |
Left | 6.15 ± 1.17 | 6.44 ± 1.09 | 7.53 ± 0.77 | 0.286 a | |||||
ACN | 3rd Molar | Right | 14.41 ± 1.39 | 0.500 b | 16.30 ± 2.07 | 0.011 b* | 16.68 ± 2.16 | 0.945 b | 0.000 a*** |
Left | 16.90 ± 2.09 | 16.11 ± 2.42 | 14.39 ± 1.95 | 0.000 a*** | |||||
2nd Molar | Right | 14.98 ± 1.75 | 0.954 b | 17.98 ± 2.31 | 0.007 b** | 17.80 ± 2.36 | 0.952 b | 0.000 a*** | |
Left | 17.78 ± 2.12 | 16.96 ± 2.43 | 14.96 ± 2.39 | 0.000 a*** | |||||
1st Molar | Right | 15.59 ± 2.45 | 0.727 b | 18.54 ± 2.65 | 0.003 b** | 18.95 ± 2.48 | 0.749 b | 0.000 a*** | |
Left | 18.82 ± 2.28 | 17.01 ± 3.75 | 15.73 ± 2.76 | 0.000 a*** | |||||
2nd Premolar | Right | 12.49 ± 1.34 | 0.864 b | 13.34 ± 0.75 | 0.008 b** | 13.80 ± 1.64 | 0.686 b | 0.000 a*** | |
Left | 13.84 ± 1.46 | 13.00 ± 0.82 | 12.41 ± 1.32 | 0.000 a*** | |||||
1st Premolar | Right | 8.85 ± 1.42 | 0.989 b | 10.66 ± 0.91 | 0.563 b | 11.88 ± 2 | 0.763 b | 0.000 a*** | |
Left | 11.87 ± 1.49 | 10.46 ± 0.89 | 8.96 ± 1.08 | 0.000 a*** |
Side of Arch | Dimension | Tooth # | Study Group I | Study Group II | Study Group III | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | p Value | Male | Female | p Value | Male | Female | p Value | |||
Right | BCPN | 3rd Molar | 6.02 ± 1.04 | 5.85 ± 1.31 | 0.520 | 6.20 ± 1.10 | 5.57 ± 0.85 | 0.006 ** | 6.07 ± 0.99 | 6.38 ± 1.27 | 0.231 |
2nd Molar | 5.36 ± 1.23 | 5.16 ± 1.29 | 0.475 | 5.43 ± 1.18 | 4.90 ± 0.78 | 0.024 * | 5.48 ± 0.94 | 5.60 ± 1.24 | 0.648 | ||
1st Molar | 3.82 ± 1.40 | 3.55 ± 1.22 | 0.372 | 3.65 ± 1.17 | 3.75 ± 0.78 | 0.678 | 3.96 ± 1.30 | 3.78 ± 1.29 | 0.535 | ||
2nd Premolar | 2.25 ± 1.34 | 1.88 ± 0.83 | 0.367 | 2.10 ± 0.55 | 1.98 ± 0.58 | 0.548 | 2.27 ± 0.43 | 2.00 ± 0.82 | 0.170 | ||
1st Premolar | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | - | ||
LCPN | 3rd Molar | 1.85 ± 0.65 | 1.97 ± 0.66 | 0.415 | 1.51 ± 0.67 | 2.18 ± 0.69 | 0.000 *** | 2.17 ± 0.73 | 1.97 ± 0.55 | 0.169 | |
2nd Molar | 2.57 ± 0.79 | 2.49 ± 0.64 | 0.652 | 2.07 ± 0.77 | 2.79 ± 0.96 | 0.000 *** | 3.11 ± 0.96 | 2.47 ± 0.59 | 0.001 ** | ||
1st Molar | 4.05 ± 1.36 | 3.55 ± 0.72 | 0.053 | 3.89 ± 1.32 | 4.12 ± 1.13 | 0.427 | 4.37 ± 1.43 | 4.17 ± 1.13 | 0.476 | ||
2nd Premolar | 6.92 ± 2.13 | 6.03 ± 1.46 | 0.036 * | 6.62 ± 0.71 | 6.36 ± 1.50 | 0.500 | 6.07 ± 1.88 | 6.09 ± 1.62 | 0.970 | ||
1st Premolar | 6.21 ± 0.04 | 6.94 ± 1.43 | 0.235 | 6.82 ± 1.62 | 6.77 ± 1.29 | 0.944 | 7.83 ± 1.49 | 6.71 ± 0.73 | 0.012 * | ||
ACN | 3rd Molar | 14.94 ± 1.21 | 13.89 ± 1.38 | 0.001 ** | 17.22 ± 2.13 | 16.81 ± 1.99 | 0.386 | 16.83 ± 2.19 | 16.49 ± 2.13 | 0.489 | |
2nd Molar | 15.54 ± 1.60 | 14.42 ± 1.73 | 0.004 ** | 18.24 ± 2.38 | 17.68 ± 2.23 | 0.281 | 18.20 ± 2.39 | 17.31 ± 2.26 | 0.094 | ||
1st Molar | 15.79 ± 2.55 | 15.40 ± 2.36 | 0.475 | 19.34 ± 2.01 | 17.62 ± 3.02 | 0.003 ** | 19.75 ± 2.30 | 17.97 ± 2.35 | 0.001 ** | ||
2nd Premolar | 12.57 ± 1.37 | 12.42 ± 1.32 | 0.626 | 13.45 ± 0.75 | 13.21 ± 0.74 | 0.181 | 13.81 ± 1.23 | 13.78 ± 2.04 | 0.931 | ||
1st Premolar | 7.39 ± 0.06 | 9.63 ± 1.14 | 0.000 *** | 10.07 ± 0.58 | 11.50 ± 0.54 | 0.002 ** | 11.14 ± 0.70 | 12.25 ± 2.11 | 0.234 | ||
Left | BCPN | 3rd Molar | 6.27 ± 1.10 | 6.33 ± 1.27 | 0.837 | 6.44 ± 0.96 | 6.24 ± 0.83 | 0.310 | 6.37 ± 1.11 | 6.60 ± 0.87 | 0.317 |
2nd Molar | 5.57 ± 1.21 | 5.45 ± 1.46 | 0.673 | 5.66 ± 0.78 | 5.42 ± 0.82 | 0.186 | 5.53 ± 1.24 | 5.50 ± 0.82 | 0.890 | ||
1st Molar | 3.98 ± 1.11 | 3.93 ± 1.30 | 0.0848 | 4.02 ± 0.89 | 3.76 ± 0.81 | 0.168 | 3.97 ± 1.11 | 4.13 ± 1.04 | 0.497 | ||
2nd Premolar | 0.99 ± 0.06 | 1.85 ± 0.47 | 0.000 *** | 2.08 ± 0.81 | 1.92 ± 0.58 | 0.471 | 1.72 ± 0.59 | 1.76 ± 0.50 | 0.804 | ||
1st Premolar | 0 | 0 | - | 1.60 ± 0.0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | - | ||
LCPN | 3rd Molar | 1.87 ± 0.60 | 1.98 ± 0.59 | 0.398 | 1.73 ± 0.58 | 2.32 ± 2.01 | 0.070 | 2.01 ± 0.62 | 2.07 ± 0.66 | 0.668 | |
2nd Molar | 2.32 ± 0.60 | 2.54 ± 0.66 | 0.132 | 2.36 ± 0.64 | 2.63 ± 0.76 | 0.089 | 2.69 ± 0.88 | 2.77 ± 0.62 | 0.640 | ||
1st Molar | 3.90 ± 1.11 | 3.52 ± 0.98 | 0.114 | 3.73 ± 0.96 | 4.03 ± 1.07 | 0.183 | 3.93 ± 0.91 | 4.17 ± 1.22 | 0.325 | ||
2nd Premolar | 6.76 ± 2.11 | 6.22 ± 0.79 | 0.158 | 6.12 ± 1.65 | 6.07 ± 1.17 | 0.878 | 6.58 ± 1.14 | 6.25 ± 1.17 | 0.828 | ||
1st Premolar | 6.10 ± 0.14 | 6.16 ± 1.27 | 0.950 | 6.24 ± 0.73 | 6.78 ± 1.52 | 0.257 | 7.88 ± 0.84 | 7.43 ± 0.65 | 0.109 | ||
ACN | 3rd Molar | 15.03 ± 1.95 | 13.76 ± 1.77 | 0.003 ** | 16.26 ± 2.47 | 15.94 ± 2.37 | 0.564 | 17.47 ± 2.13 | 16.21 ± 1.84 | 0.007 ** | |
2nd Molar | 15.51 ± 2.30 | 14.41 ± 2.37 | 0.039 * | 17.03 ± 2.52 | 16.86 ± 2.36 | 0.758 | 18.37 ± 1.97 | 17.04 ± 2.10 | 0.005 ** | ||
1st Molar | 16.05 ± 2.89 | 15.41 ± 2.61 | 0.302 | 17.93 ± 2.69 | 15.94 ± 4.50 | 0.017 * | 19.33 ± 1.98 | 18.19 ± 2.50 | 0.027 * | ||
2nd Premolar | 12.41 ± 1.41 | 12.40 ± 1.25 | 0.967 | 13.08 ± 0.83 | 12.92 ± 0.80 | 0.377 | 13.72 ± 1.18 | 13.99 ± 1.76 | 0.417 | ||
1st Premolar | 8.85 ± 1.01 | 9.03 ± 1.15 | 0.710 | 10.04 ± 0.80 | 11.30 ± 0.12 | 0.004 ** | 11.50 ± 0.70 | 11.93 ± 1.59 | 0.723 |
Side of Arch | Dimension | Tooth # | Study Group II | Study Group III | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Categories | p Value | Age Categories | p Value | |||||||
18–35 Years | 36–53 Years | ≥ 54 Years | 18–35 Years | 36–53 Years | ≥ 54 Years | |||||
Right | BCPN | 3rd Molar | 5.99 ± 1.42 | 5.91 ± 0.89 | 5.83 ± 0.80 | 0.859 | 6.70 ± 1.03 | 6.12 ± 0.83 | 5.56 ± 1.33 | 0.028 * |
2nd Molar | 5.30 ± 1.39 | 5.12 ± 0.92 | 5.16 ± 0.82 | 0.808 | 5.62 ± 1.14 | 5.57 ± 1.13 | 4.86 ± 1.31 | 0.032 * | ||
1st Molar | 3.66 ± 1.26 | 3.44 ± 1.04 | 3.59 ± 0.70 | 0.633 | 3.82 ± 1.28 | 3.98 ± 1.48 | 3.44 ± 1.22 | 0.283 | ||
2nd Premolar | 2.17 ± 0.67 | 2.08 ± 0.45 | 1.67 ± 0.13 | 0.144 | 2.37 ± 1.55 | 2.14 ± 0.96 | 1.76 ± 0.67 | 0.437 | ||
1st Premolar | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
LCPN | 3rd Molar | 2.13 ± 0.84 | 1.81 ± 0.66 | 1.56 ± 0.69 | 0.023 * | 2.17 ± 0.74 | 2.10 ± 0.70 | 1.87 ± 0.52 | 0.090 | |
2nd Molar | 2.66 ± 0.87 | 2.44 ± 0.97 | 2.14 ± 0.90 | 0.134 | 2.50 ± 0.84 | 2.57 ± 0.59 | 2.43 ± 0.65 | 0.789 | ||
1st Molar | 4.20 ± 1.33 | 4.15 ± 1.35 | 3.96 ± 0.97 | 0.09 | 3.86 ± 0.84 | 4.23 ± 1.12 | 3.53 ± 1.24 | 0.063 | ||
2nd Premolar | 6.56 ± 1.80 | 6.35 ± 1.64 | 6.16 ± 1.80 | 0.191 | 6.60 ± 1.49 | 6.15 ± 1.49 | 6.24 ± 1.78 | 0.004 ** | ||
1st Premolar | 6.83 ± 0.38 | 6.22 ± 0.24 | 6.03 ± 0.38 | 0.04 * | 6.51 ± 0.15 | 6.32 ± 1.61 | 6.06 ± 0.64 | 0.025 * | ||
ACN | 3rd Molar | 17.52 ± 1.41 | 18.21 ± 1.27 | 15.09 ± 2.13 | 0.000 *** | 16.72 ± 1.33 | 17.44 ± 2.39 | 15.73 ± 2.82 | 0.027 * | |
2nd Molar | 17.51 ± 1.57 | 19.27 ± 1.56 | 16.86 ± 2.37 | 0.007 ** | 17.65 ± 1.71 | 18.68 ± 2.34 | 17.04 ± 3.04 | 0.059 | ||
1st Molar | 18.14 ± 3.15 | 19.12 ± 1.64 | 17.17 ± 2.04 | 0.000 *** | 18.38 ± 1.83 | 19.34 ± 2.46 | 18.30 ± 2.86 | 0.031 * | ||
2nd Premolar | 13.58 ± 0.51 | 13.25 ± 1.02 | 13.16 ± 0.60 | 0.101 | 13.93 ± 2.01 | 13.75 ± 1.61 | 13.61 ± 0.84 | 0.773 | ||
1st Premolar | 10.90 ± 0.00 | 10.88 ± 1.11 | 9.55 ± 0.00 | 0.169 | 12.88 ± 2.94 | 11.25 ± 0,82 | 11.50 ± 0.30 | 0.259 | ||
Left | BCPN | 3rd Molar | 6.28 ± 1.20 | 6.16 ± 0.85 | 6.20 ± 0.61 | 0.310 | 6.60 ± 1.24 | 6.38 ± 0.76 | 6.00 ± 1.31 | 0.093 |
2nd Molar | 5.46 ± 0.69 | 5.88 ± 0.85 | 5.27 ± 0.77 | 0.180 | 5.88 ± 1.31 | 5.40 ± 0.94 | 5.28 ± 1.49 | 0.091 | ||
1st Molar | 3.94 ± 0.95 | 3.58 ± 0.57 | 3.28 ± 0.57 | 0.028 * | 3.47 ± 1.27 | 3.80 ± 0.99 | 3.25 ± 1.21 | 0.067 | ||
2nd Premolar | 1.95 ± 0.50 | 2.06 ± 0.97 | 1.85 ± 0.65 | 0.175 | 1.91 ± 0.67 | 1.66 ± 0.22 | 1.31 ± 0.67 | 0.042 * | ||
1st Premolar | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
LCPN | 3rd Molar | 2.30 ± 0.79 | 2.15 ± 0.71 | 2.11 ± 2.21 | 0.243 | 1.82 ± 0.54 | 1.66 ± 0.64 | 1.42 ± 0.54 | 0.010 * | |
2nd Molar | 2.87 ± 0.84 | 2.38 ± 0.72 | 2.25 ± 0.38 | 0.004 ** | 2.93 ± 0.57 | 2.27 ± 0.57 | 2.02 ± 0.57 | 0.002 ** | ||
1st Molar | 4.01 ± 1.05 | 3.85 ± 1.14 | 3.76 ± 0.88 | 0.681 | 3.29 ± 0.70 | 4.85 ± 1.09 | 3.18 ± 0.37 | 0.000 *** | ||
2nd Premolar | 6.25 ± 0.90 | 6.15 ± 1.59 | 6.05 ± 1.76 | 0.774 | 6.53 ± 0.68 | 6.24 ± 1.54 | 6.08 ± 1.47 | 0.01 * | ||
1st Premolar | 6.58 ± 0.00 | 6.22 ± 1.64 | 6.37 ± 0.81 | 0.176 | 6.40 ± 0.82 | 6.11 ± 0.96 | 6.03 ± 0.82 | 0.04 * | ||
ACN | 3rd Molar | 16.69 ± 1.80 | 17.15 ± 2.36 | 15.22 ± 2.08 | 0.009 ** | 16.76 ± 1.15 | 17.56 ± 2.37 | 16.40 ± 2.79 | 0.152 | |
2nd Molar | 17.66 ± 1.74 | 18.00 ± 2.02 | 14.92 ± 2.40 | 0.000 *** | 17.47 ± 2.46 | 17.52 ± 2.43 | 17.45 ± 1.54 | 0.126 | ||
1st Molar | 16.36 ± 1.72 | 16.79 ± 5.38 | 15.36 ± 1.72 | 0.366 | 18.59 ± 2.21 | 19.60 ± 0.98 | 18.41 ± 1.61 | 0.128 | ||
2nd Premolar | 12.82 ± 0.69 | 13.53 ± 0.56 | 12.82 ± 0.69 | 0.04 * | 14.07 ± 1.72 | 13.63 ± 1.47 | 13.69 ± 0.88 | 0.473 | ||
1st Premolar | 10.30 ± 1.22 | 10.22 ± 0.00 | 9.08 ± 1.22 | 0.669 | 12.54 ± 1.65 | 11.91 ± 0.60 | 10.23 ± 0.00 | 0.065 |
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Sghaireen, M.G.; Srivastava, K.C.; Shrivastava, D.; Ganji, K.K.; Patil, S.R.; Abuonq, A.; Mousa, M.A.; Dar-Odeh, N.; Sghaireen, G.M.; Kamal, M.A.; et al. A CBCT Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Posterior Region for Evaluating the Possibility of Bypassing the Inferior Alveolar Nerve While Placing Dental Implants. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060406
Sghaireen MG, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Ganji KK, Patil SR, Abuonq A, Mousa MA, Dar-Odeh N, Sghaireen GM, Kamal MA, et al. A CBCT Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Posterior Region for Evaluating the Possibility of Bypassing the Inferior Alveolar Nerve While Placing Dental Implants. Diagnostics. 2020; 10(6):406. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060406
Chicago/Turabian StyleSghaireen, Mohammed G., Kumar Chandan Srivastava, Deepti Shrivastava, Kiran Kumar Ganji, Santosh R. Patil, Anas Abuonq, Mohammed Assayed Mousa, Najla Dar-Odeh, Ghazi M. Sghaireen, Mohammad Amjad Kamal, and et al. 2020. "A CBCT Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Posterior Region for Evaluating the Possibility of Bypassing the Inferior Alveolar Nerve While Placing Dental Implants" Diagnostics 10, no. 6: 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060406
APA StyleSghaireen, M. G., Srivastava, K. C., Shrivastava, D., Ganji, K. K., Patil, S. R., Abuonq, A., Mousa, M. A., Dar-Odeh, N., Sghaireen, G. M., Kamal, M. A., & Alam, M. K. (2020). A CBCT Based Three-Dimensional Assessment of Mandibular Posterior Region for Evaluating the Possibility of Bypassing the Inferior Alveolar Nerve While Placing Dental Implants. Diagnostics, 10(6), 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060406