Anthropometric and Biochemical Markers as Possible Indicators of Left Ventricular Abnormal Geometric Pattern and Function Impairment in Obese Normotensive Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | NW (n = 26) | OB (n = 36) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (Male/Female) | 16/10 | 24/12 | 0.79 |
Age (years) | 9.65 ± 1.57 | 9.76 ± 1.28 | 0.772 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 17.09 ± 1.54 | 26.5 ± 3.43 | 0.000 |
BMI z score | 0.11 ± 0.66 | 2.14 ± 0.32 | 0.000 |
NC (cm) | 28.99 ± 1.93 | 33.29 ± 1.96 | 0.000 |
WHR | 0.87 ± 0.05 | 0.93 ± 0.04 | 0.000 |
WHtR | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 0.59 ± 0.05 | 0.000 |
Triceps fold (mm) | 8.12 ± 2.43 | 20.28 ± 3.9 | 0.000 |
Subscapular fold (mm) | 6.17 ± 1.62 | 20.46 ± 5.51 | 0.000 |
Suprailiac fold (mm) | 5.95 ± 1.87 | 19.3 ± 4.04 | 0.000 |
Parameters | Non Overweight (n = 26) | Overweight (n = 36) | p |
---|---|---|---|
UA (mg/dL) | 3.29 ± 0.63 | 4.9 ± 1.04 | 0.000 |
TC (mg/dL) | 163.59 ± 27.16 | 170.67 ± 38.26 | 0.452 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 73.72 ± 20.59 | 54.53 ± 14.73 | 0.001 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 77.18 ± 18.18 | 98.14 ± 28.93 | 0.004 |
TG (mg/dL) | 64.59 ± 26.65 | 89.5 ± 45.50 | 0.023 |
hs-CRP(mg/dL) | 0.04 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.19 | 0.000 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.15 ± 0.31 | 5.26 ± 0.29 | 0.225 |
Cortisol (μg/dL) | 9.44 ± 5.05 | 8.73 ± 4.93 | 0.601 |
HOMA-IR | 1.66 ± 0.68 | 2.95 ± 1.51 | 0.000 |
Insulin (μIU/mL) | 7.83 ± 3.27 | 14.4 ± 7.38 | 0.000 |
Parameters | NW (n = 26) | OB (n = 36) | p |
---|---|---|---|
SBP (mmHg) | 101.15 ± 10.23 | 107.58 ± 7.84 | 0.07 |
DBP (mmHg) | 64.35 ± 11.15 | 66.25 ± 7.7 | 0.43 |
LAD (mm) | 24.7 ± 3.29 | 29.13 ± 3.44 | 0.000 |
IVSd (mm) | 6.63 ± 0.67 | 8.05 ± 1.03 | 0.000 |
LVIDd (mm) | 38.19 ± 4.05 | 42.64 ± 3.50 | 0.000 |
LVPWd (mm) | 6.77 ± 0.68 | 8.26 ± 1.02 | 0.000 |
EF% | 72.46 ± 5.05 | 72.85 ± 4.22 | 0.747 |
E(m/s) | 1.00 ± 0,16 | 1.08 ± 0.20 | 0.124 |
A(m/s) | 0.49 ± 0.09 | 0.62 ± 0.12 | 0.000 |
E/A | 2.08 ± 0.56 | 1.76 ± 0.33 | 0.013 |
e’(m/s) | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.345 |
a’(m/s) | 0.08 ± 0.16 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.139 |
E/e’ | 5.43 ± 0.96 | 6.04 ± 1.13 | 0.032 |
LVM (gr) | 70.19 ± 19.32 | 109.04 ± 31.94 | 0.000 |
LVMI | 28.31 ± 6.22 | 40.05 ± 9.44 | 0.000 |
Parameters | HOMA-IR | LVMI | E/A | E/e’ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Obese | All | Obese | All | Obese | All | Obese | |
HOMA-IR | - | - | 0.167 | −0.028 | −0.086 | 0.239 | 0.031 | −0.074 |
LVMI | 0.167 | −0.028 | - | - | −0.174 | −0.083 | 0.175 | −0.030 |
E/A | −0.086 | 0.239 | −0.174 | −0.083 | - | - | 0.236 | 0.277 |
E/e’ | 0.031 | −0.074 | 0.175 | −0.030 | 0.210 | 0.277 | - | - |
BMI | 0.528 ** | 0.236 | 0.585 ** | 0.387 * | −0.369 ** | −0.232 | 0.114 | −0.146 |
NC | 0.577 ** | 0.273 | 0.578 ** | 0.429 * | −0.287 * | −0.200 | 0.234 | −0.104 |
WC | 0.555 ** | 0.250 | 0.580 ** | 0.280 | −0.376 ** | −0.357 * | 0.158 | −0.126 |
WHR | 0.187 | −0.100 | 0.483 ** | 0.280 | −0.275 * | −0.307 | 0.358 ** | 0.021 |
WHtR | 0.412 ** | −0.030 | 0.632 ** | 0.414 * | −0.439 ** | −0.347 * | 0.166 | −0.091 |
Triceps | 0.543 ** | 0.306 | 0.573 ** | 0.375 * | −0.377 ** | −0.231 | 0.205 | −0.047 |
Subscapular | 0.525 ** | 0.299 | 0.534 ** | 0.205 | −0.398 ** | −0.272 | 0.288 ** | −0.026 |
Suprailiac | 0.545 ** | 0.335 | 0.590 ** | 0.333 | −0.242 | 0.162 | 0.364 ** | −0.053 |
SAP | 0.319 * | 0.477** | 0.269 * | 0.114 | 0.072 | 0.056 | 0.161 | 0.073 |
UA | 0.628 ** | 0.263 | 0.447 ** | 0.021 | −0.184 | −0.028 | 0.346 ** | 0.050 |
TC | −0.131 | −0.351 | −0.100 | −0.100 | −0.079 | −0.212 | 0.000 | −0.048 |
HDL | −0.569 ** | −0.252 | −0.308 * | 0.044 | 0.355 * | 0.274 | −0.096 | 0.329 |
LDL | 0.199 | −0.378 | 0.191 | −0.050 | −0.248 | 0.160 | 0.123 | −0.030 |
TG | 0.406 ** | 0.437* | 0.039 | −0.023 | −0.188 | −0.009 | −0.015 | −0.186 |
hs-CRP | 0.708 ** | 0.002 | 0.510 ** | 0.232 | 0.510 ** | 0.232 | 0.122 | −0.129 |
Cortisol | −0.088 | −0.038 | 0.160 | 0.252 | 0.160 | 0.252 | 0.122 | −0.084 |
Variables | Beta (OR) | S.E | p |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | −1.609 (0.2) | 1.044 | 0.123 |
SBP | −0.053 (0.948) | 0.057 | 0.354 |
Cortisol * | 2.851 (17.305) | 1.0209 | 0.018 |
WHtR | 0.259 (1.296) | 0.109 | 0.018 |
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Giannisi, F.; Keivanidou, A.; Sakellari, I.; Balala, S.; Hassapidou, M.; Hitoglou-Makedou, A.; Giannopoulos, A. Anthropometric and Biochemical Markers as Possible Indicators of Left Ventricular Abnormal Geometric Pattern and Function Impairment in Obese Normotensive Children. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070468
Giannisi F, Keivanidou A, Sakellari I, Balala S, Hassapidou M, Hitoglou-Makedou A, Giannopoulos A. Anthropometric and Biochemical Markers as Possible Indicators of Left Ventricular Abnormal Geometric Pattern and Function Impairment in Obese Normotensive Children. Diagnostics. 2020; 10(7):468. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070468
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiannisi, Filippina, Anastasia Keivanidou, Ioanna Sakellari, Sofia Balala, Maria Hassapidou, Areti Hitoglou-Makedou, and Andreas Giannopoulos. 2020. "Anthropometric and Biochemical Markers as Possible Indicators of Left Ventricular Abnormal Geometric Pattern and Function Impairment in Obese Normotensive Children" Diagnostics 10, no. 7: 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070468