Corneal In Vivo Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy Findings in Dry Eye Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Examinations
2.2. Tear Function Test and Ocular Surface Vital Staining
2.3. In Vivo Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy
2.4. Corneal Image Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Tear Functions and Ocular Surface Staining Scores
3.2. In Vivo Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy
3.2.1. Corneal Cell Density and Area
3.2.2. Corneal Inflammatory Cell Density
3.2.3. Corneal Nerve Density and Morphology
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sjögren’s Syndrome | Healthy Control | Probability | |
---|---|---|---|
Schirmer test (mm) | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 9.0 ± 4.7 | <0.0001 |
Fluorescein staining score (points) | 3.8 ± 1.8 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | <0.0001 |
Rose Bengal staining score (points) | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 |
Break-up time (seconds) | 3.3 ± 1.0 | 11.1 ± 6.1 | <0.0001 |
Superficial epithelial cell density (cells/mm2) | 829.7 ± 188.5 | 1215.9 ± 265.8 | <0.0001 |
Superficial epithelial cell area (μm2) | 898.5 ± 167.0 | 717.9 ± 150.5 | =0.002 |
Intermediate epithelial cell density (cells/mm2) | 3770.0 ± 521.1 | 3850.5 ± 360.7 | =0.62 |
Intermediate epithelial cell area (μm2) | 193.7 ± 30.1 | 168.4 ± 29.1 | =0.10 |
Basal epithelial cell density (cells/mm2) | 6087.9 ± 399.8 | 6301.1 ± 596.2 | =0.20 |
Basal epithelial cell area (μm2) | 116.8 ± 22.5 | 109.8 ± 19.6 | =0.28 |
Anterior stromal cell density (cells/mm2) | 477.0 ± 47.7 | 529.1 ± 93.9 | =0.04 |
Intermediate stromal cell density (cells/mm2) | 393.3 ± 45.1 | 429.8 ± 58.7 | =0.06 |
Posterior stromal cell density (cells/mm2) | 333.6 ± 33.6 | 338.0 ± 53.3 | =0.77 |
Endothelial cell density (cells/mm2) | 3126.3 ± 237.0 | 3294.2 ± 330.0 | =0.27 |
Endothelial cell area (μm2) | 319.1 ± 25.1 | 289.4 ± 47.9 | =0.17 |
Sub-basal inflammatory cell density (cells/mm2) | 87.0 ± 52.5 | 17.3 ± 18.8 | <0.0001 |
Sub-basal nerve number (nerves/frame) | 3.57 ± 0.62 | 5.12 ± 0.85 | <0.0001 |
Sub-basal nerve density (μm/mm2) | 1145.6 ± 385.0 | 1799.9 ± 427.4 | <0.0001 |
Sub-basal nerve beadings number (beadings/100 μm) | 10.2 ± 2.5 | 6.6 ± 2.3 | <0.0002 |
Sub-basal nerve tortuosity (grade) | 2.91 ± 0.75 | 1.63 ± 0.57 | <0.0001 |
Sub-basal nerve reflectively (grade) | 2.13 ± 0.55 | 1.73 ± 0.41 | =0.04 |
Before Treatment | After Treatment | Probability | |
---|---|---|---|
Fluorescein staining score (points) | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 2.3 ± 2.1 | =0.13 |
Rose Bengal staining score (points) | 4.9 ± 3.7 | 3.7 ± 1.9 | =0.14 |
Break-up time (seconds) | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | =0.27 |
Superficial epithelial cell density (cells/mm2) | 1001.1 ± 170.6 | 1396.4 ± 207.7 | =0.001 |
Superficial epithelial cell area (μm2) | 790.0 ± 121.4 | 599.1 ± 76.4 | =0.01 |
Intermediate epithelial cell density (cells/mm2) | 4043.8 ± 410.6 | 4503.4 ± 392.5 | =0.10 |
Intermediate epithelial cell area (μm2) | 152.5 ± 21.8 | 138.9 ± 18.3 | =0.28 |
Basal epithelial cell density (cells/mm2) | 6697.9 ± 483.7 | 6628.9 ± 655.7 | =0.87 |
Basal epithelial cell area (μm2) | 94.6 ± 16.3 | 91.1 ± 16.2 | =0.94 |
Anterior stromal cell density (cells/mm2) | 446.1 ± 60.3 | 456.8 ± 86.8 | =0.94 |
Intermediate stromal cell density (cells/mm2) | 352.6 ± 34.4 | 349.2 ± 13.0 | =0.96 |
Posterior stromal cell density (cells/mm2) | 306.9 ± 22.5 | 323.2 ± 21.9 | =0.54 |
Endothelial cell density (cells/mm2) | 3245.1 ± 243.2 | 3434.0 ± 331.4 | =0.63 |
Endothelial cell area (μm2) | 289.1 ± 23.4 | 267.2 ± 15.8 | =0.36 |
Sub-basal inflammatory cell density (cells/mm2) | 117.3 ± 53.7 | 68.0 ± 35.2 | =0.03 |
Sub-basal nerve number (nerves/frame) | 2.63 ± 0.96 | 3.96 ± 1.07 | =0.04 |
Sub-basal nerve density (μm/mm2) | 829.6 ± 348.0 | 1238.6 ± 410.1 | =0.02 |
Sub-basal nerve beadings number (beadings/100 μm) | 10.7 ± 2.3 | 7.9 ± 1.8 | =0.0008 |
Sub-basal nerve tortuosity (grade) | 1.78 ± 0.38 | 1.19 ± 0.38 | =0.04 |
Sub-basal nerve reflectively (grade) | 2.14 ± 0.30 | 1.89 ± 0.38 | =0.18 |
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Matsumoto, Y.; Ibrahim, O.M.A.; Kojima, T.; Dogru, M.; Shimazaki, J.; Tsubota, K. Corneal In Vivo Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy Findings in Dry Eye Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070497
Matsumoto Y, Ibrahim OMA, Kojima T, Dogru M, Shimazaki J, Tsubota K. Corneal In Vivo Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy Findings in Dry Eye Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome. Diagnostics. 2020; 10(7):497. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070497
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatsumoto, Yukihiro, Osama M. A. Ibrahim, Takashi Kojima, Murat Dogru, Jun Shimazaki, and Kazuo Tsubota. 2020. "Corneal In Vivo Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy Findings in Dry Eye Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome" Diagnostics 10, no. 7: 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070497