Impact of H19 Polymorphisms on Prostate Cancer Clinicopathologic Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Specimen Collection and DNA Extraction
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Study Participants
3.2. Association of H19 Polymorphisms with Risk and Clinical Features of Prostate Cancer
3.3. Association between H19 mRNA Expression and Clinical Characteristics of Prostate Cancer from TCGA Database
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | PSA at Diagnosis (ng/mL) | ||
---|---|---|---|
<7 (n = 153) | 7–10 (n = 117) | >10 (n = 309) | |
Age at diagnosis (years) | |||
<65 | 71 (46.4%) | 61 (52.1%) | 113 (36.6%) |
>65 | 82 (53.6%) | 56 (47.9%) | 196 (63.4%) |
Pathologic Gleason grade group | |||
1 + 2 + 3 | 142 (92.8%) | 108 (92.3%) | 234 (75.7%) |
4 + 5 | 11 (7.2%) | 9 (7.7%) | 75 (24.3%) |
Clinical T stage | |||
1 + 2 | 144 (94.1%) | 109 (93.2%) | 248 (80.3%) |
3 + 4 | 9 (5.9%) | 8 (6.8%) | 61 (19.7%) |
Clinical n stage | |||
N0 | 152 (99.3%) | 115 (98.3%) | 299 (96.8%) |
N1 | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (1.7%) | 10 (3.2%) |
Clinical M stage | |||
M0 | 153 (100.0%) | 117 (100.0%) | 299 (96.8%) |
M1 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (3.2%) |
Pathologic T stage | |||
2 | 114 (74.5%) | 72 (61.5%) | 120 (38.8%) |
3 + 4 | 39 (25.5%) | 45 (38.5%) | 189 (61.2%) |
Pathologic n stage | |||
N0 | 146 (95.4%) | 113 (96.6%) | 384 (87.7%) |
N1 | 7 (4.6%) | 4 (3.4%) | 38 (12.3%) |
Extraprostatic extension | |||
No | 107 (69.9%) | 71 (60.7%) | 148 (47.9%) |
Yes | 46 (30.1%) | 46 (39.3%) | 161 (52.1%) |
Seminal vesicle invasion | |||
No | 145 (94.8%) | 99 (84.6%) | 208 (67.3%) |
Yes | 8 (5.2%) | 18 (15.4%) | 101 (32.7%) |
Perineural invasion | |||
No | 53 (34.6%) | 40 (34.2%) | 62 (20.1%) |
Yes | 100 (65.4%) | 77 (65.8%) | 247 (79.9%) |
Lymphovascular invasion | |||
No | 145 (94.8%) | 101 (86.3%) | 236 (76.4%) |
Yes | 8 (5.2%) | 16 (13.7%) | 73 (23.6%) |
D’Amico classification | |||
Low risk | 41 (26.8%) | 19 (16.2%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Intermediate risk | 64 (41.8%) | 66 (56.4%) | 90 (29.1%) |
High risk | 48 (31.4%) | 32 (27.4%) | 219 (70.9%) |
Variable | PSA at Diagnosis (ng/mL) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<7 (n = 153) | 7–10 (n = 117) | >10 (n = 309) | AOR (95% CI) a | AOR (95% CI) b | |
rs2177727 | |||||
CC | 69 (45.1%) | 47 (40.2%) | 133 (43.0%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
CT | 71 (46.4%) | 50 (42.7%) | 140 (45.3%) | 0.832 (0.475–1.460) | 0.894 (0.553–1.445) |
TT | 13 (8.5%) | 20 (17.1%) | 36 (11.7%) | 2.197 (0.971–4.971) | 1.297 (0.583–2.887) |
CT+TT | 84 (54.9%) | 70 (59.8%) | 176 (57.0%) | 1.054 (0.627–1.771) | 0.960 (0.609–1.514) |
rs2107425 | |||||
CC | 57 (37.3%) | 41 (35.0%) | 111 (35.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
CT | 75 (49.0%) | 52 (44.4%) | 143 (46.3%) | 0.839 (0.476–1.480) | 0.879 (0.535–1.446) |
TT | 21 (13.7%) | 24 (20.5%) | 55 (17.8%) | 1.537 (0.731–3.231) | 1.121 (0.564–2.230) |
CT+TT | 96 (62.7%) | 76 (65.0%) | 198 (64.1%) | 0.991 (0.584–1.681) | 0.934 (0.584–1.494) |
rs2839698 | |||||
CC | 74 (48.4%) | 56 (47.9%) | 149 (48.2%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
CT | 65 (42.5%) | 53 (45.3%) | 135 (43.7%) | 1.063 (0.628–1.799) | 1.108 (0.691–1.777) |
TT | 14 (9.2%) | 8 (6.8%) | 25 (8.1%) | 0.915 (0.343–2.441) | 1.064 (0.467–2.424) |
CT+TT | 79 (51.6%) | 61 (52.1%) | 160 (51.8%) | 1.040 (0.627–1.724) | 1.100 (0.701–1.728) |
rs3024270 | |||||
CC | 38 (24.8%) | 37 (31.6%) | 92 (29.8%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
CG | 84 (54.9%) | 55 (47.0%) | 144 (46.6%) | 0.595 (0.324–1.092) | 0.791 (0.463–1.351) |
GG | 31 (20.3%) | 25 (21.4%) | 73 (23.6%) | 0.934 (0.449–1.941) | 1.040 (0.543–1.991) |
CG+GG | 115 (75.2%) | 80 (68.4%) | 217 (70.2%) | 0.683 (0.387–1.206) | 0.860 (0.518–1.427) |
rs3741219 | |||||
AA | 69 (45.1%) | 55 (47.0%) | 146 (47.2%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
AG | 67 (43.8%) | 53 (45.3%) | 135 (43.7%) | 0.977 (0.575–1.661) | 1.001 (0.622–1.611) |
GG | 17 (11.1%) | 9 (7.7%) | 28 (9.1%) | 0.819 (0.325–2.068) | 0.896 (0.408–1.967) |
AG+GG | 84 (54.9%) | 62 (53.0%) | 163 (52.8%) | 0.949 (0.571–1.579) | 0.981 (0.623–1.544) |
Variable | Genotypic Frequencies | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
rs3024270 | CC (n = 38) | CG+GG (n = 115) | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
Pathologic Gleason grade group | ||||
1 + 2 + 3 | 36 (94.7%) | 106 (92.2%) | 1.00 | p = 0.732 |
4 + 5 | 2 (5.3%) | 9 (7.8%) | 1.528 (0.315–7.406) | |
Clinical T stage | ||||
1 + 2 | 34 (89.5%) | 110 (95.7%) | 1.00 | p = 0.227 |
3 + 4 | 4 (10.5%) | 5 (4.3%) | 0.386 (0.098–1.520) | |
Pathologic T stage | ||||
2 | 33 (86.8%) | 81 (70.4%) | 1.00 | p = 0.053 |
3 + 4 | 5 (13.2%) | 34 (29.6%) | 2.770 (0.997–7.701) | |
Pathologic n stage | ||||
N0 | 37 (97.4%) | 109 (94.8%) | 1.00 | p = 0.682 |
N1 | 1 (2.6%) | 6 (5.2%) | 2.037 (0.237–17.478) | |
Extraprostatic extension | ||||
No | 34 (89.5%) | 73 (63.5%) | 1.00 | p = 0.002 * |
Yes | 4 (10.5%) | 42 (36.5%) | 4.890 (1.622–14.741) | |
Seminal vesicle invasion | ||||
No | 37 (97.4%) | 108 (93.9%) | 1.00 | p = 0.680 |
Yes | 1 (2.6%) | 7 (6.1%) | 2.398 (0.285–20.146) | |
Perineural invasion | ||||
No | 20 (52.6%) | 33 (28.7%) | 1.00 | p = 0.010 * |
Yes | 18 (47.4%) | 82 (71.3%) | 2.761 (1.299–5.869) | |
Lymphovascular invasion | ||||
No | 37 (97.4%) | 108 (93.9%) | 1.00 | p = 0.680 |
Yes | 1 (2.6%) | 7 (6.1%) | 2.398 (0.285–20.146) | |
D’Amico classification | ||||
Low/Intermediate risk | 24 (63.2%) | 81 (70.4%) | 1.00 | p = 0.425 |
High risk | 14 (36.8%) | 34 (29.6%) | 0.720 (0.333–1.556) | |
Total score upgrade | ||||
No | 21 (55.3%) | 66 (57.4%) | 1.00 | p = 0.852 |
Yes | 17 (44.7%) | 49 (42.6%) | 0.917 (0.438–1.919) | |
Grade group upgrade | ||||
No | 20 (52.6%) | 64 (55.7%) | 1.00 | p = 0.851 |
Yes | 18 (47.4%) | 51 (44.3%) | 0.885 (0.424–1.847) |
Variable | Genotypic Frequencies | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
rs3741219 | AA (n = 69) | AG+GG (n = 84) | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
Pathologic Gleason grade group | ||||
1 + 2 + 3 | 64 (92.8%) | 78 (92.9%) | 1.00 | p = 0.610 |
4 + 5 | 5 (7.2%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0.985 (0.287–3.375) | |
Clinical T stage | ||||
1 + 2 | 64 (92.8%) | 80 (95.2%) | 1.00 | p = 0.732 |
3 + 4 | 5 (7.2%) | 4 (4.8%) | 0.640 (0.165–2.482) | |
Pathologic T stage | ||||
2 | 55 (79.7%) | 59 (70.2%) | 1.00 | p = 0.197 |
3 + 4 | 14 (20.3%) | 25 (29.8%) | 1.665 (0.287–3.375) | |
Pathologic n stage | ||||
N0 | 65 (94.2%) | 81 (96.4%) | 1.00 | p = 0.702 |
N1 | 4 (5.8%) | 3 (3.6%) | 0.602 (0.130–2.785) | |
Extraprostatic extension | ||||
No | 48 (69.6%) | 59 (70.2%) | 1.00 | p = 0.534 |
Yes | 21 (30.4%) | 25 (29.8%) | 0.969 (0.484–1.939) | |
Seminal vesicle invasion | ||||
No | 64 (92.8%) | 81 (96.4%) | 1.00 | p = 0.469 |
Yes | 5 (7.2%) | 3 (3.6%) | 0.474 (0.109–2.059) | |
Perineural invasion | ||||
No | 31 (44.9%) | 22 (26.2%) | 1.00 | p = 0.018 * |
Yes | 38 (55.1%) | 62 (73.8%) | 2.299 (1.165–4.535) | |
Lymphovascular invasion | ||||
No | 64 (92.8%) | 81 (96.4%) | 1.00 | p = 0.469 |
Yes | 5 (7.2%) | 3 (3.6%) | 0.474 (0.109–2.059) | |
D’Amico classification | ||||
Low/Intermediate risk | 46 (66.7%) | 59 (70.2%) | 1.00 | p = 0.727 |
High risk | 23 (33.3%) | 25 (29.8%) | 0.847 (0.427–1.681) | |
Total score upgrade | ||||
No | 42 (60.9%) | 45 (53.6%) | 1.00 | p = 0.414 |
Yes | 27 (39.1%) | 39 (46.4%) | 1.348 (0.706–2.573) | |
Grade group upgrade | ||||
No | 40 (58.0%) | 44 (52.4%) | 1.00 | p = 0.517 |
Yes | 29 (42.0%) | 40 (47.6%) | 1.254 (0.600–2.382) |
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Hu, J.-C.; Lin, C.-Y.; Wang, S.-S.; Chiu, K.-Y.; Li, J.-R.; Chen, C.-S.; Hung, S.-C.; Yang, C.-K.; Ou, Y.-C.; Cheng, C.-L.; et al. Impact of H19 Polymorphisms on Prostate Cancer Clinicopathologic Characteristics. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090656
Hu J-C, Lin C-Y, Wang S-S, Chiu K-Y, Li J-R, Chen C-S, Hung S-C, Yang C-K, Ou Y-C, Cheng C-L, et al. Impact of H19 Polymorphisms on Prostate Cancer Clinicopathologic Characteristics. Diagnostics. 2020; 10(9):656. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090656
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Ju-Chuan, Chia-Yen Lin, Shian-Shiang Wang, Kun-Yuan Chiu, Jian-Ri Li, Chuan-Shu Chen, Sheng-Chun Hung, Cheng-Kuang Yang, Yen-Chuan Ou, Chen-Li Cheng, and et al. 2020. "Impact of H19 Polymorphisms on Prostate Cancer Clinicopathologic Characteristics" Diagnostics 10, no. 9: 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090656