Development of an Easy-to-Use Prediction Equation for Body Fat Percentage Based on BMI in Overweight and Obese Lebanese Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Source and Study Population
2.3. Ethics Approval
2.4. Anthropometric Measurements
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.5.1. Descriptive Statistics
2.5.2. Predictors to Be Included in the Model
2.5.3. Model Derivation
2.5.4. Evaluation of Model Performance and Internal Validity and External Validity
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Study Participants
3.2. Model Predictors
3.3. Derived Model
- BF% females = 0.624 × BMI + 21.835
- BF% males = 1.050 × BMI − 4.001
3.4. Model Performamce
4. Discussion
4.1. Findings and Concordance with Previous Studies
4.2. Potential Clinical Implications
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
4.4. New Directions and Areas for Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total n = 375 | Training Sample n = 238 | Validation Sample n = 137 | Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | n (%) | χ2 = 0.085; p = 0.770 | ||
Males | 98 (26.1) | 61 (25.6) | 37 (27.0) | |
Females | 277 (73.9) | 177 (74.4) | 100 (73.0) | |
Age (Years) | 35.55 (15.12) | 35.77 (14.72) | 35.18 (15.85) | p = 0.723 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 33.39 (5.26) | 33.38 (5.16) | 33.39 (5.45) | p = 0.986 |
χ2 = 0.077; p = 0.781 | ||||
With overweight | 109 (29.1) | 68 (28.6) | 41 (29.9) | |
With obesity | 266 (70.9) | 170 (71.4) | 96 (70.1) | |
BF% measured | 39.80 (7.37) | 39.78 (7.15) | 39.84 (7.77) | p = 0.939 |
Predictors | Training Sample n = 238 | Validation Sample n = 137 |
---|---|---|
Age | 0.069 | 0.242 ** |
BMI | 0.461 ** | 0.413 ** |
Sex | 0.635 ** | 0.560 ** |
Equation | R2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training Sample | SEE | TE | Slope | Intercept | p-Value * | |
Model 1 | 0.718 | |||||
Model 2 | 0.709 | 3.81 | 3.84 | 1.010 | 0.179 | 0.402 |
Validation sample ¥ | 3.88 | 3.85 | 0.999 | 0 | 0.981 | |
Model 1 | 0.561 | |||||
Model 2 | 0.588 | 4.79 | 4.82 | 0.894 | 4.60 | 0.060 |
Measured BF% | BF% 1 | Mean Difference (Bias) | 95% CI of Bias (Precision) | Pearson’s Correlation | % Bias | Minimum % Bias | Maximum % Bias | Absolute Percent Error | N (%) Underprediction 2 | N (%) Accurate Prediction 3 | N (%) OverPrediction 4 | % Error | Upper LoA 5 | Lower LoA | Effect Size | p−Value 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Training sample | 39.78 ± 7.15 | ||||||||||||||||
Model 1 | 39.20 ± 5.99 | 0.584 ± 3.81 | 0.098; 1.07 | 0.85 | −0.53 ± 9.88 | −22.92 | 31.27 | 7.91 ± 5.93 | 18.1 | 67.6 | 14.3 | 38.04 | 8.04 | −6.87 | 0.153 | 0.019 | |
Model 2 | 39.80 ± 6.02 | −0.017 ± 3.86 | −0.51; 0.48 | 0.84 | 1.04 ± 10.10 | −21.53 | 32.25 | 8.16 ± 6.01 | 17.2 | 69.3 | 13.4 | 38.00 | 7.54 | −7.58 | 0.004 | 0.946 | |
Validation sample | 39.67 ± 7.21 | ||||||||||||||||
Model 1 | 39.24 ± 6.04 | 0.425 ± 4.82 | −0.39; 1.24 | 0.75 | −0.44 ± 4.82 | −33.22 | 67.16 | 10.11 ± 9.15 | 19.7 | 59.1 | 21.2 | 47.62 | 9.87 | −9.02 | 0.088 | 0.303 | |
Model 2 | 39.70 ± 6.15 | −0.028 ± 4.67 | −0.82; 0.76 | 0.77 | 1.49 ± 13.14 | −30.46 | 64.95 | 9.85 ± 8.78 | 17.5 | 60.6 | 21.9 | 46.13 | 9.12 | −9.18 | 0.006 | 0.943 |
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Itani, L.; Tannir, H.; El Masri, D.; Kreidieh, D.; El Ghoch, M. Development of an Easy-to-Use Prediction Equation for Body Fat Percentage Based on BMI in Overweight and Obese Lebanese Adults. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090728
Itani L, Tannir H, El Masri D, Kreidieh D, El Ghoch M. Development of an Easy-to-Use Prediction Equation for Body Fat Percentage Based on BMI in Overweight and Obese Lebanese Adults. Diagnostics. 2020; 10(9):728. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090728
Chicago/Turabian StyleItani, Leila, Hana Tannir, Dana El Masri, Dima Kreidieh, and Marwan El Ghoch. 2020. "Development of an Easy-to-Use Prediction Equation for Body Fat Percentage Based on BMI in Overweight and Obese Lebanese Adults" Diagnostics 10, no. 9: 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090728