Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patellofemoral Morphometry Reveals Age and Gender Variations in the Knees of Children and Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Radiographic Measurement
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number (Percentage) | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age group (Male/Female) | 4–6 years | 25 (3.8%)/18 (2.7%) | 43 (6.5%) |
7–9 years | 35 (5.3%)/21 (3.2%) | 56 (8.4%) | |
10–12 years | 80 (12.1%)/38 (5.7%) | 118 (17.8%) | |
13–15 years | 117 (17.6%)/59 (8.9%) | 176 (26.5%) | |
16–18 years | 213 (32.1%)/57 (8.6%) | 270 (40.7%) | |
Total | 470 (70.9%)/193 (29.1%) | 663 (100%) |
Age Group (Mean ± SD and 95% Confidence Interval) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
Overall | |||||
TT-TG distance (mm) | 4.3 ± 2.7 (3.49–5.11) | 5.5 ± 3.1 (4.69–6.31) | 5.9 ± 3.2 (5.32–6.48) | 7.9 ± 3.9 (7.32–8.48) | 7.1 ± 4.3 (6.59–7.61) |
Sulcus angle (degree) | 144.9 ± 7.9 (143–147) | 143.7 ± 8.2 (142–146) | 137.7 ± 7.6 (136–139) | 136.2 ± 9.9 (135–138) | 133.2 ± 10.5 (132–134) |
Percent sulcus location (%) | 43.9 ± 6.6 (41.9–45.9) | 44.8 ± 6.6 (43.1–46.5) | 42.2 ± 5.0 (41.3–43.1) | 42.3 ± 5.5 (41.5–43.1) | 43.8 ± 10.5 (42.5–45) |
Percent Tibia tuberosity location (%) | 33.8 ± 6.9 (31.7–35.9) | 30.4 ± 6.4 (28.7–32.1) | 26.6 ± 7.1 (25.3–27.9) | 28.3 ± 6.0 (27.4–29.2) | 30.4 ± 4.8 (29.8–31) |
Lateral trochlear inclination (degree) | 20.8 ± 6.3 (18.9–22.7) | 21.2 ± 4.8 (19.9–22.5) | 21.2 ± 4.5 (20.4–22) | 21.8 ± 5.4 (21–22.6) | 22.5 ± 5.1 (21.9–23.1) |
Trochlear facet symmetry (ratio) | 0.9 ± 0.3 (0.81–0.99) | 0.8 ± 0.3 (0.72–0.88) | 0.8 ± 0.1 (0.782–0.818) | 0.7 ± 0.1 (0.685–0.715) | 0.7 ± 0.1 (0.69–0.71) |
Femoral depth (mm) | 4.0 ± 1.8 (3.46–4.54) | 4.9 ± 1.9 (4.4–5.4) | 6.6 ± 1.3 (6.36–6.83) | 7.0 ± 2.2 (6.67–7.33) | 8.0 ± 3.6 (7.57–8.43) |
Male | |||||
TT-TG distance (mm) | 4.5 ± 2.8 (3.4–5.6) | 6.2 ± 3.0 (5.21–7.19) | 6.4 ± 2.8 (5.79–7.01) | 8.3 ± 3.8 (7.61–8.99) | 7.4 ± 4.3 (6.82–7.98) |
Sulcus angle (degree) | 143.4 ± 7.9 (140–147) | 146.3 ± 7.4 (144–149) | 140.0 ± 6.4 (139–141) | 136.0 ± 10.0 (134–138) | 130.4 ± 9.1 (129–132) |
Percent sulcus location (%) | 42.8 ± 6.1 (40.4–45.2) | 44.0 ± 5.8 (42.1–45.9) | 42.4 ± 4.2 (41.5–43.3) | 42.0 ± 4.3 (41.2–42.8) | 43.4 ± 9.7 (42.1–44.7) |
Percent Tibia tuberosity location (%) | 32.4 ± 6.5 (29.8–34.9) | 29.0 ± 6.3 (26.9–31.1) | 24.5 ± 6.4 (23.1–25.9) | 26.6 ± 5.3 (25.6–27.6) | 29.8 ± 4.3 (29.2–30.4) |
Lateral trochlear inclination (degree) | 20.6 ± 7.2 (17.8–23.4) | 20.1 ± 4.5 (18.6–21.6) | 20.1 ± 3.8 (19.3–20.9) | 21.6 ± 5.8 (20.6–22.7) | 22.1 ± 4.3 (21.5–22.7) |
Trochlear facet symmetry (ratio) | 0.9 ± 0.4 (0.743–1.06) | 0.9 ± 0.4 (0.767–1.03) | 0.8 ± 0.1 (0.778–0.822) | 0.7 ± 0.1 (0.682–0.718) | 0.7 ± 0.1 (0.687–0.713) |
Femoral depth (mm) | 4.2 ± 2.2 (3.34–5.06) | 4.5 ± 2.0 (3.84–5.16) | 6.4 ± 1.2 (6.14–6.66) | 7.3 ± 2.5 (6.85–7.75) | 8.7 ± 3.7 (8.2–9.2) |
Female | |||||
TT-TG distance (mm) | 4.1 ± 2.7 (2.85–5.35) | 4.3 ± 3.0 (3.02–5.58) | 4.9 ± 3.6 (3.76–6.04) | 7.2 ± 4.0 (6.18–8.22) | 6.3 ± 3.9 (5.29–7.31) |
Sulcus angle (degree) | 147.1 ± 7.7 (144–151) | 139.5 ± 8.0 (136–143) | 133.0 ± 8.1 (130–136) | 136.7 ± 9.5 (134–139) | 143.7 ± 8.6 (141–146) |
Percent sulcus location (%) | 45.4 ± 7.0 (42.2–48.6) | 46.1 ± 7.7 (42.8–49.4) | 41.8 ± 6.2 (39.8–43.8) | 42.9 ± 7.4 (41–44.8) | 45.1 ± 13.0 (41.7–48.5) |
Percent Tibia tuberosity location (%) | 35.5 ± 7.2 (32.2–38.8) | 33.0 ± 5.9 (30.5–35.5) | 30.7 ± 6.7 (28.6–32.8) | 31.3 ± 6.6 (29.6–33) | 32.7 ± 5.6 (31.3–34.2) |
Lateral trochlear inclination (degree) | 21.2 ± 4.9 (18.9–23.5) | 22.9 ± 4.8 (20.8–24.9) | 23.8 ± 5.0 (22.2–25.4) | 22.0 ± 4.4 (20.9–23.1) | 23.9 ± 7.3 (22–25.8) |
Trochlear facet symmetry (ratio) | 0.9 ± 0.2 (0.808–0.992) | 0.7 ± 0.2 (0.614–0.785) | 0.8 ± 0.1 (0.768–0.832) | 0.7 ± 0.2 (0.649–0.751) | 0.7 ± 0.3 (0.622–0.778) |
Femoral depth (mm) | 3.6 ± 1.2 (3.05–4.15) | 5.7 ± 1.3 (5.14–6.26) | 6.9 ± 1.4 (6.46–7.35) | 6.5 ± 1.4 (6.14–6.86) | 5.5 ± 1.6 (5.08–5.92) |
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Choi, W.; Lee, S.-J.; Oh, J.; Baek, H.; Yang, J.; Shin, J.; Jung, B.; Lee, S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patellofemoral Morphometry Reveals Age and Gender Variations in the Knees of Children and Adolescents. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11111985
Choi W, Lee S-J, Oh J, Baek H, Yang J, Shin J, Jung B, Lee S. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patellofemoral Morphometry Reveals Age and Gender Variations in the Knees of Children and Adolescents. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(11):1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11111985
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Wonchul, Sang-June Lee, Jongbeom Oh, Hongseok Baek, Jinhyuk Yang, Jaeyeon Shin, Bosung Jung, and Soonchul Lee. 2021. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patellofemoral Morphometry Reveals Age and Gender Variations in the Knees of Children and Adolescents" Diagnostics 11, no. 11: 1985. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11111985