Current Insights: The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Postoperative Complications in Visceral Surgery—A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
Research Questions
- (1)
- Does surgery alter the gut microbiota composition of a patient and if so, in which kind of extent?
- (2)
- Is the occurrence of an anastomotic leakage related to the composition of a patient’s gut microbiota?
- (3)
- Is the occurrence of a surgical site infection related to the composition of a patient’s gut microbiota?
3. Results
3.1. Research Question 1: Changes of Gut Microbiota in Surgical Patients
3.2. Research Question 2: The Relation between the Gut Microbiota and the Development of Anastomotic Leakage
3.2.1. Decades Ago: Oral Decontamination to Prevent Anastomotic Leakage
3.2.2. Bacteria Being Potentially Responsible for Development of Anastomotic Leakage
3.3. Research Question 3: The Relation between the Gut Microbiota and the Development of Surgical Site Infections
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Surgery-Related | Patient-Related |
---|---|
Duration of surgery > 4 h | Male |
Intraoperative blood transfusion | Advanced tumor stage, metastatic disease or local tumor size > 3 cm |
Anastomosis of the large intestine | Pre-existing illnesses (vascular, hepatic, pulmonary, renal, diabetes) |
Emergency surgery | (Ex)-smoker, alcohol abuse |
Absorbable suture | History of radiotherapy or chemotherapy |
Double-layer anastomosis | Current sepsis or infectious diseases |
Poor viability of anastomosis | Current ileus |
Extensive intravenous fluid intraoperatively | Cachexia or malnutrition |
Late postoperative enteral nutrition | Obesity |
Inexperienced surgeon | (Medicinal) immunosuppression |
Composition of gut microbiota |
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Lederer, A.-K.; Chikhladze, S.; Kohnert, E.; Huber, R.; Müller, A. Current Insights: The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Postoperative Complications in Visceral Surgery—A Narrative Review. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 2099. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112099
Lederer A-K, Chikhladze S, Kohnert E, Huber R, Müller A. Current Insights: The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Postoperative Complications in Visceral Surgery—A Narrative Review. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(11):2099. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112099
Chicago/Turabian StyleLederer, Ann-Kathrin, Sophia Chikhladze, Eva Kohnert, Roman Huber, and Alexander Müller. 2021. "Current Insights: The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Postoperative Complications in Visceral Surgery—A Narrative Review" Diagnostics 11, no. 11: 2099. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112099