Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Types of EUS
3. EUS for Detecting PNENs
4. Precautions for EUS in Functional PNENs
5. Role of EUS Elastography
6. Role of Contrast-Enhanced EUS (CE-EUS)
7. Artificial Intelligence Analysis for Endoscopic Ultrasonography
8. Features of EUS Findings in PNENs
8.1. Cystic Degeneration
8.2. Pancreatic Duct Stricture
8.3. Intraductal Invasion of the MPD
9. Features of Imaging Findings in PNEN G3 and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (PNEC)
10. Tumors That Need to Be Differentiated from PNENs
10.1. SPNs
10.2. Serous Cystic Neoplasm (SCN)
10.3. Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen (IPAS)
10.4. Pancreatic Metastasis
11. Role of EUS-FNA in PNENs
11.1. Grading Diagnosis
11.2. EUS-FNA for Cystic PNENs
11.3. Genetic Analysis in PNENs
12. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Findings | Differential Disease | |
---|---|---|
PNENs (G1, G2) | Well-rounded, hypoechoic lesions with a homogeneous pattern and clear regular margins | SCN (solid type), SPN, metastic tumor, IPAS |
Cystic degeneration | SCN (macrocystic type), SPN | |
Calcification | SPN | |
PNENs (G3, NEC) | Unclear irregular margins, hypovascular, and internal necrosis of the tumor | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma |
Intraductal invasion of the main pancreatic duct | Acinar cell carcinoma |
First Author | Year | Study Design | Number of Patients Analyzed for the Concordance Rate, n | Ki-67 Concordance Rate | Mean Lesion Size (Range), mm | Percentage of Functioning Tumor | Needle |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Piani C [67] | 2008 | Retrospective | 18 | 78–89% a | 30 (10–100) | 38.9% | 22-, or 25-gauge EUS-FNA needles |
Kaklamatos M [68] | 2011 | Retrospective | 26 | 54% | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. |
Larghi A [69] | 2012 | Prospective | 12 | 83.3% | 16.9 (7–100) | 0% | 19-gauge EUS-FNA needles |
Hasegawa T [70] | 2014 | Retrospective | 27 | 77.8% | 28.1 (5–130) | 10.3% | 25-, or 22-gauge EUS-FNA needles |
Weynand B [71] | 2014 | Retrospective | 33 | 57.6% | 33 (2–110) | n.r. | 22-gauge EUS-FNA needles |
Carlinfante G [72] | 2014 | Retrospective | 53 | 86.8% | 17 (n.r.) | n.r. | 25-, 19-, or 22-gauge EUS-FNA or EUS-FNB needles |
Farrell JM [73] | 2014 | Retrospective | 22 | 86% | 30 (15–82) | 24% | 25-, 22-, or 19-gauge needles (details unknown) |
Unno J [74] | 2014 | Retrospective | 19 | 89.5% | 22.3 (7–100) | 31.6% | 22-gauge EUS-FNA needles |
Sugimoto M [75] | 2015 | Retrospective | 8 | 87.5% | 25.7 (4.4–10) | n.r. | 25-, 22-, or 19-gauge EUS-FNA needles |
Fujimori N [76] | 2016 | Retrospective | 13 | 69.2% | 20.5 (8–67) | 13.1% | 25-, or 22-gauge EUS-FNA needles |
Díaz Del Arco C [77] | 2016 | Retrospective | 10 | 70% | 32 (12–120) | 20% | n.r. |
Laskiewicz L [78] | 2018 | Retrospective | 26 | 84.6% | 21 (8–140) | n.r. | n.r. |
Boutsen L [79] | 2018 | Retrospective | 57 | 72% | 28.5 (2–110) | 18.9% | n.r. |
Weiss VL [80] | 2018 | Retrospective | 49 | 61% | 30 (n.r.) | 6.1% | n.r. |
Hwang HS [61] | 2018 | Retrospective | 33 | 75.8% | 33 (n.r.) | 0% | 25-, 22-, or 19-gauge EUS-FNB needles |
Grosse C [81] | 2019 | Retrospective | 15 | 100% | 39 (9–75) | 0% | n.r. |
Di Leo M [62] | 2019 | Retrospective | 25 | 84% | 21 (n.r.) | n.r. | 25- or 22-gauge EUS-FNA or 25-gauge EUS-FNB needles |
Cui Y [82] | 2020 | Retrospective | 37 | 73% | 40 (7–170) | 0 | 25-, 22-, or 19-gauge needles (details unknown) |
Heidsma CM [55] | 2020 | Retrospective | 63 | 81% | 13 (n.r.) | 14% | NA |
Kalantri S [83] | 2020 | Retrospective | 6 b | 100% b | n.r. (11–70) | n.r. | 22-gauge needles (details unknown) |
Paiella S [84] | 2020 | Prospective | 77 | 81.8% | 24.5 (n.r.) | 11.8% | 25-gauge EUS-FNA needle |
Kamata K [63] | 2020 | Prospective | 23 | 82.6% | 12.8 (n.r.) | n.r. | 25-gauge EUS-FNB needle |
Resected Tumor Grade | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
EUS-FNAB Tumor Grade | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Total |
Grade 1 | 338 | 88 | 5 | 431 |
Grade 2 | 32 | 111 | 12 | 155 |
Grade 3 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 23 |
Total | 370 | 199 | 40 | 609 |
Resected Tumor Grade | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
EUS-FNAB Tumor Grade | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Total |
Grade 1 | 102 | 15 | 0 | 117 |
Grade 2 | 7 | 23 | 1 | 31 |
Grade 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 109 | 38 | 1 | 148 |
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Ishii, T.; Katanuma, A.; Toyonaga, H.; Chikugo, K.; Nasuno, H.; Kin, T.; Hayashi, T.; Takahashi, K. Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020316
Ishii T, Katanuma A, Toyonaga H, Chikugo K, Nasuno H, Kin T, Hayashi T, Takahashi K. Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(2):316. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020316
Chicago/Turabian StyleIshii, Tatsuya, Akio Katanuma, Haruka Toyonaga, Koki Chikugo, Hiroshi Nasuno, Toshifumi Kin, Tsuyoshi Hayashi, and Kuniyuki Takahashi. 2021. "Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms" Diagnostics 11, no. 2: 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020316
APA StyleIshii, T., Katanuma, A., Toyonaga, H., Chikugo, K., Nasuno, H., Kin, T., Hayashi, T., & Takahashi, K. (2021). Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Diagnostics, 11(2), 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020316