Pediatric Extraspinal Sacrococcygeal Ependymoma: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Case Presentation
2.1. Case 1
2.2. Case 2
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Age (Years) | Sex | Localization | Histology | Metastases | First-Line Treatment | Coccygectomy | Recurrence | Follow-up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ciraldo 1986 [10] | 0.75 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | Yes | No | Alive |
Chou 1987 [11] | 16 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | NA | Surgery | No | NA | NA |
Kramer 1988 [12] | 15 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | No | Yes, local and metastatic (inguinal nodes) | 20 years |
Marc’Hadour 1991 [13] | 14 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | No | No | 2 years |
Gupta 1992 [14] | 1.5 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | Inguinal node | Surgery | No | Yes, local | NA |
Serour 1993 [15] | 8 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | Yes | No | 20 months |
Botti 1994 [16] | 10 | NA | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | Left buttock | Surgery | No | No | NA |
Kline 1996 [17] | 0.67 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | Inguinal nodes | Surgery | No | Yes, metastatic (inguinal nodes, peritoneum) | Death |
Webber 1996 [18] | newborn | M | Presacral | NA | No | Surgery | NA | Yes, local | NA |
Sawyer 1998 [19] | 13 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | No | NA | NA |
Ilhan 1998 [20] | 8 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | Yes | No | 20 months |
Johnson 1999 [21] | 7 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Grade II | No | Surgery | Yes | No | 8 years |
Grubnic 1999 [22] | 8 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | NA | Surgery | Yes | No | NA |
Aktuǧ 2000 [23] | 5 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | Yes | No | 3 years |
Rao 2002 [24] | 1.33 | F | Presacral | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery + CT | Yes | No | Alive |
Akpolat 2003 [25] | 7 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | No | No | Alive |
Tröbs 2006 [26] | 9 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | Yes | No | NA |
Beschorner 2007 [27] | 1.2 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Grade IV (Myxopapillary + areas of ependymoblastic differentiation) | No | Surgery | No | No | Alive |
Alexiou 2012 [28] | 13 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery + RT | No | No | 8 months |
Chakraborti 2012 [29] | 1 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Grade IV (Myxopapillary + areas of anaplastic differentiation) | No | Surgery | Yes | Yes, metastatic (inguinal nodes) | Alive |
Cimino 2014 (7 patients) [30] | 0–17 (range), 7.4 (mean) | 4F/3M | NA | Myxopapillary | NA | NA | NA | No | NA |
Dogan 2016 [31] | 9 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | No | No | Alive |
Amin 2018 [32] | 8 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | NA | Surgery | Yes | No | Alive |
Schiavello 2018 [4] | 14 | M | Presacral | Grade II | No | Surgery | No | No | 6 years |
8 | F | Presacral | Grade II | inguinal nodes, osseus | CT + RT + Surgery | No | No | 26 years | |
4 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | Parauterine nodes | Surgery | Yes | Yes, metastatic (neoplastic iliac thrombosis, lung, broad ligament, retroperitoneal and mediastinal nodes) | 15 years | |
12 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Grade II | No | Surgery | No | No | 11 years | |
16 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | No | No | 11 years | |
7 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | No | Yes, metastatic (inguinal nodes) | 33 years | |
Rogers 2018 [33] | 12 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | NA | Surgery | No | No | 1 year |
Gupta 2020 [34] | 9 | M | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | No | No | 18 months |
Thejeel 2020 [35] | 16 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Myxopapillary | No | Surgery | NA | NA | NA |
Planas 2021 [36] | 12 | F | Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal | Giant cell | No | Surgery | No | No | 2 years |
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Fabozzi, F.; Ceccanti, S.; Cacchione, A.; Colafati, G.S.; Carai, A.; Crocoli, A.; Mastronuzzi, A.; Cozzi, D.A. Pediatric Extraspinal Sacrococcygeal Ependymoma: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 1680. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091680
Fabozzi F, Ceccanti S, Cacchione A, Colafati GS, Carai A, Crocoli A, Mastronuzzi A, Cozzi DA. Pediatric Extraspinal Sacrococcygeal Ependymoma: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(9):1680. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091680
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabozzi, Francesco, Silvia Ceccanti, Antonella Cacchione, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Andrea Carai, Alessandro Crocoli, Angela Mastronuzzi, and Denis A. Cozzi. 2021. "Pediatric Extraspinal Sacrococcygeal Ependymoma: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review" Diagnostics 11, no. 9: 1680. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091680