FSTL1 Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Inhibiting M2-like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Recruitment toward the Lungs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Facilities
2.2. Experimental Animals
2.3. Experimental Cell Lines
2.4. Mouse Genotyping
2.5. Breast Cancer Model Mice
2.6. Hematoxylin–Eosin Staining
2.7. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.8. Western Blot Analysis
2.9. Flow Cytometry
2.10. Macrophage Migration Assay
2.11. Cell Proliferation Assay
2.12. Database
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. FSTL1 mRNA Expression Decreases in Human Breast Cancer and Its Various Subtypes
3.2. Patients with Breast Cancer and High FSTL1 Expression Showed Prolonged Survival
3.3. FSTL1 Does Not Affect the Proliferation of TNBC In Situ, but Remarkably Increases Its Lung Metastasis
3.4. Fstl1+/− Mice Exhibit Increased M2 Macrophages Deposition in the Lungs
3.5. FSTL1 Inhibited M2-like TAMs Migration toward 4T1 TNBC Cells
3.6. FSTL1 Inhibited the Secretion of CSF1, VEGF-α, and TGF-β in 4T1 TNBC Cells
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yang, Y.; Lu, T.; Jia, X.; Gao, Y. FSTL1 Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Inhibiting M2-like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Recruitment toward the Lungs. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101724
Yang Y, Lu T, Jia X, Gao Y. FSTL1 Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Inhibiting M2-like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Recruitment toward the Lungs. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(10):1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101724
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Ying, Tao Lu, Xiaowei Jia, and Yan Gao. 2023. "FSTL1 Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Inhibiting M2-like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Recruitment toward the Lungs" Diagnostics 13, no. 10: 1724. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101724