Comparison of Arterial Stiffness and Strain Measured with Speckle Tracking Carotid Strain Ultrasonography after Radiation and Surgical Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer—A Clinical Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
- Group 1: Neck-irradiated patients without neck dissection (IR+/ND−) (28 patients).
- Group 2: Neck-irradiated patients with neck dissection (IR+/ND+) (24 patients).
- Group 3: Non-neck-irradiated patients with neck dissection (IR−/ND+) (15 patients).
- Group 4: Non-neck-irradiated controls without neck dissection (IR−/ND−) (34 controls).
2.2. Speckle Tracking Carotid Strain Analysis (STCS)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Controls (n = 34) | Patients (n = 67) | Total (n = 101) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 25 (73.52%) | 53 (79.1%) | 78 (77.22%) |
Female | 9 (26.47%) | 14 (20.89%) | 23 (22.77%) |
Age (years) | |||
Median | 64.17 | 66 | 64 |
Primary Tumor Location | |||
Larynx | - | 29 (43.28%) | 29 (28.43%) |
Hypopharynx | - | 4 (5.97%) | 4 (3.92%) |
Lip | - | 7 (10.44%) | 7 (6.93%) |
Oropharynx | - | 2 (2.98%) | 2 (1.98%) |
Oral cavity | - | 17 (25.37%) | 17 (16.83%) |
Others | - | 8 (11.94%) | 8 (7.92%) |
Radiotherapy Treatment | - | 52 (77.61%) | 52 (77.61%) |
Radiotherapy Dose (Gy) | |||
Median | - | 66 | 66 |
T Stage | |||
T1 | - | 19 (28.35%) | 19 (18.62%) |
T2 | - | 21 (31.34%) | 21 (20.58%) |
T3 | - | 20 (29.85%) | 20 (19.60%) |
T4 | - | 7 (10.44%) | 7 (6.86%) |
N Stage | |||
N0 | - | 49 (73.13%) | 49 (48.51%) |
N1 | - | 7 (10.44%) | 7 (6.93%) |
N2 | - | 11 (16.41%) | 11 (10.89%) |
N3 | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
M Stage | |||
M0 | - | 67 | 67 |
Hypertension | 9 (26.47%) | 15 (22.38%) | 24 (23.76%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 9 (26.47%) | 10 (14.92%) | 19 (18.81%) |
Hyperlipidemia | 1 (2.94%) | 1 (1.49%) | 2 (1.98%) |
History of stroke | - | 3 (4.47%) | 3 (2.97%) |
Smoking | 17 (50%) | 35 (52.23%) | 52 (51.48) |
Parameters | IR+/ND− (n = 56) | IR+/ND+ (n = 32) | IR−/ND+ (n = 19) | IR−/ND− (n = 68) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stiffness parameters | |||||
β-SI | 8.41 (5.84–12.72) | 10.67 (7.41–14.01) € | 8.35 (5.33–10.06) | 6.75 (6.00–8.60) ¥ | 0.002 |
AC (mm/kPa) | 0.59 (0.39–0.86) | 0.50 (0.28–0.75) € | 0.76 (0.54–1.18) | 0.76 (0.59–1.14) ¥ | <0.001 |
EM (kPa) | 107.36 (82.43–174.06) | 154.25 (98.33–215.11) | 119.29 (74.02–176.85) | 89.17 (74.74–108.72) ¥ | <0.001 |
PWV (m/s) | 6.37 (5.76–7.98) | 7.44 (6.23–8.96) | 6.51 (5.20–8.26) | 5.83(5.33–6.36) ¥ | <0.001 |
Strain parameters (radial) | |||||
Displacement (mm) | 0.36 (0.29–0.51) | 0.34 (0.24–0.44) € | 0.41 (0.33–0.62) | 0.43 (0.37–0.51) | 0.001 |
Strain (%) | 5.54 (4.50–7.93) | 4.95 (3.45–5.86) ** | 6.51 (4.74–8.79) | 6.28 (5.59–7.45) ¥ | 0.001 |
Strain rate (1/s) | 0.63 (0.49–0.89) | 0.53 (0.40–0.69) ** | 0.79 (0.57–0.95) | 0.68 (0.61–0.81) * | 0.005 |
Strain parameters (circumferential) | |||||
Displacement (mm) | 0.048 (0.038–0.067) | 0.045 (0.030–0.056) € | 0.055 (0.043–0.081) | 0.055 (0.048–0.066) | 0.001 |
Strain (%) | 5.61 (4.36–7.90) | 4.75 (3.39–5.75) ** | 6.37 (4.68–8.87) | 6.17 (5.52–7.44) * | 0.001 |
Strain rate (1/s) | 0.65 (0.51–0.87) | 0.55 (0.40–0.68) ** | 0.76 (0.60–0.92) | 0.67 (0.60–0.80) * | 0.003 |
Parameters | IR+/ND− (n = 56) | IR+/ND+ (n = 32) | IR−/ND+ (n = 19) | IR−/ND− (n = 68) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CIMT mean | 0.92(0.76–1.11) | 0.83(0.69–1.10) | 0.82(0.72–0.86) | 0.74 (0.64–0.88) * | 0.001 |
CIMT QI | 0.82(0.68–1.00) | 0.90(0.64–1.00) | 1.00(0.85–1.00) | 1.00(0.79–1.00) * | 0.021 |
Stiffness parameters | |||||
β-SI | 7.74 (5.52–10.53) | 8.74 (6.09–10.14) | 7.26 (5.35–10.01) | 6.92 (4.95–8.26) * | 0.006 |
AC (mm/kPa) | 0.55 (0.41–0.76) | 0.47 (0.33–0.65) € | 0.67 (0.42–1.30) | 0.71 (0.58–1.06) ¥ | <0.001 |
AD (/kPa) | 0.010 (0.007–0.015) | 0.008 (0.007–0.011) | 0.010 (0.007–0.014) | 0.012 (0.009–0.016) ¥ | <0.001 |
EM (kPa) | 104.68 (66.51–143.56) | 124.05 (89.66–150.80) | 95.37 (65.47–137.41) | 86.6 (62.48–106.09) ¥ | <0.001 |
PWV (m/s) | 6.17 (4.97–7.32) | 6.85 (5.59–7.46) | 6.07 (5.22–7.13) | 5.7 (4.86–6.27) * | <0.001 |
Strain parameters (radial) | |||||
Displacement (mm) | 0.37 (0.32–0.52) | 0.37 (0.25–0.46) € | 0.49 (0.31–0.79) | 0.44 (0.36–0.55) | 0.012 |
Strain (%) | 6.68 (5.06–8.69) | 5.65 (4.33–7.58) | 7.33 (5.22–9.07) | 6.86 (5.81–8.51) | 0.093 |
Strain rate (1/s) | 0.61 (0.41–0.84) | 0.63 (0.50–0.78) | 0.71 (0.47–0.86) | 0.72 (0.62–0.84) | 0.093 |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Depboylu, B.; Eryilmaz, A.; Basak, H.S.; Kirbac, V.; Basal, Y.; Omurlu, I.K.; Gok, M. Comparison of Arterial Stiffness and Strain Measured with Speckle Tracking Carotid Strain Ultrasonography after Radiation and Surgical Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer—A Clinical Trial. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3090. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193090
Depboylu B, Eryilmaz A, Basak HS, Kirbac V, Basal Y, Omurlu IK, Gok M. Comparison of Arterial Stiffness and Strain Measured with Speckle Tracking Carotid Strain Ultrasonography after Radiation and Surgical Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer—A Clinical Trial. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(19):3090. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193090
Chicago/Turabian StyleDepboylu, Bengu, Aylin Eryilmaz, Hatice Sema Basak, Veli Kirbac, Yesim Basal, Imran Kurt Omurlu, and Mustafa Gok. 2023. "Comparison of Arterial Stiffness and Strain Measured with Speckle Tracking Carotid Strain Ultrasonography after Radiation and Surgical Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer—A Clinical Trial" Diagnostics 13, no. 19: 3090. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193090