The Association between Admission Serum Phosphorus and Preoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis in Geriatric Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Participants
2.4. Variables
2.5. Data Sources/Measurement
2.6. Bias
2.7. Statistics Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Univariate Analysis of the Association between Variates and DVT
3.3. Multivariate Analysis between Preoperative Serum Phosphorus and DVT
3.4. Curve Fitting and Analysis of Threshold Effect
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phosphorus Tertiles | Low | Middle | High | p-Value | p-Value * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 611 | 632 | 575 | ||
Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 0.78 ± 0.11 | 1.00 ± 0.05 | 1.25 ± 0.17 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Age (year) | 79.42 ± 6.68 | 79.58 ± 7.07 | 79.14 ± 6.86 | 0.541 | 0.598 |
Sex | <0.001 | - | |||
Male | 273 (44.68%) | 167 (26.42%) | 110 (19.13%) | ||
Female | 338 (55.32%) | 465 (73.58%) | 465 (80.87%) | ||
Injury mechanism | 0.111 | - | |||
Falling | 587 (96.07%) | 613 (96.99%) | 555 (96.52%) | ||
Accident | 21 (3.44%) | 17 (2.69%) | 12 (2.09%) | ||
Other | 3 (0.49%) | 2 (0.32%) | 8 (1.39%) | ||
Fracture classification | 0.038 | - | |||
Intertrochanteric fracture | 348 (56.96%) | 373 (59.02%) | 367 (63.83%) | ||
Femoral neck fracture | 256 (41.90%) | 243 (38.45%) | 199 (34.61%) | ||
Subtrochanteric fracture | 7 (1.15%) | 16 (2.53%) | 9 (1.57%) | ||
Hypertension | 309 (50.57%) | 316 (50.00%) | 292 (50.78%) | 0.961 | - |
Diabetes | 112 (18.33%) | 123 (19.46%) | 129 (22.43%) | 0.192 | - |
CHD | 316 (51.72%) | 326 (51.58%) | 294 (51.13%) | 0.978 | - |
Arrhythmia | 195 (31.91%) | 201 (31.80%) | 178 (30.96%) | 0.928 | - |
Hemorrhagic stroke | 6 (0.98%) | 15 (2.37%) | 10 (1.74%) | 0.166 | - |
Ischemic stroke | 204 (33.39%) | 211 (33.39%) | 159 (27.65%) | 0.05 | - |
Cancer | 15 (2.45%) | 20 (3.16%) | 14 (2.43%) | 0.666 | - |
Multiple injuries | 49 (8.02%) | 39 (6.17%) | 43 (7.48%) | 0.431 | - |
Dementia | 21 (3.44%) | 29 (4.59%) | 22 (3.83%) | 0.57 | - |
COPD | 49 (8.02%) | 28 (4.43%) | 27 (4.70%) | 0.011 | - |
Hepatitis | 12 (1.96%) | 21 (3.32%) | 20 (3.48%) | 0.227 | - |
Gastritis | 5 (0.82%) | 13 (2.06%) | 8 (1.39%) | 0.184 | - |
DVT | 173 (28.31%) | 205 (32.44%) | 202 (35.13%) | 0.04 | - |
aCCI | 4.25 ± 1.12 | 4.23 ± 1.10 | 4.16 ± 1.10 | 0.308 | 0.361 |
Time to operation (d) | 4.09 ± 2.30 | 4.23 ± 2.57 | 4.26 ± 2.44 | 0.466 | 0.5 |
Time to admission (h) | 53.79 ± 140.18 | 85.71 ± 316.13 | 111.62 ± 274.87 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Statistics | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 79.39 ± 6.87 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 0.5892 |
Sex | |||
Male | 550 (30.25%) | 1 | |
Female | 1268 (69.75%) | 1.25 (1.01, 1.56) | 0.0433 |
Injury mechanism | |||
Falling | 1755 (96.53%) | 1 | |
Accident | 50 (2.75%) | 1.11 (0.61, 2.01) | 0.7284 |
Other | 13 (0.72%) | 2.52 (0.84, 7.52) | 0.0987 |
Fracture classification | |||
Intertrochanteric fracture | 1088 (59.85%) | 1 | |
Femoral neck fracture | 698 (38.39%) | 0.67 (0.55, 0.83) | 0.0002 |
Subtrochanteric fracture | 32 (1.76%) | 1.87 (0.93, 3.78) | 0.0812 |
Hypertension | 917 (50.44%) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.37) | 0.2494 |
Diabetes | 364 (20.02%) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.18) | 0.5192 |
CHD | 936 (51.49%) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.31) | 0.4571 |
Arrhythmia | 574 (31.57%) | 1.06 (0.86, 1.31) | 0.5976 |
Hemorrhagic stroke | 31 (1.71%) | 1.55 (0.76, 3.19) | 0.2303 |
Ischemic stroke | 574 (31.57%) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.06) | 0.1556 |
Cancer | 49 (2.70%) | 1.14 (0.63, 2.07) | 0.6711 |
Multiple injuries | 131 (7.21%) | 1.55 (1.08, 2.22) | 0.0183 |
Dementia | 72 (3.96%) | 1.65 (1.02, 2.66) | 0.0401 |
COPD | 104 (5.72%) | 0.90 (0.58, 1.39) | 0.6369 |
Hepatitis | 53 (2.92%) | 0.69 (0.36, 1.29) | 0.245 |
Gastritis | 26 (1.43%) | 0.50 (0.19, 1.34) | 0.1706 |
aCCI | 4.22 ± 1.11 | 1.00 (0.91, 1.09) | 0.9615 |
Time to operation (d) | 4.19 ± 2.44 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) | 0.0113 |
Time to admission (h) | 83.18 ± 256.36 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.3094 |
Phosphorus (×0.1 mmol/L) | 10.08 ± 2.23 | 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) | 0.0059 |
Exposure | Non-Adjusted Model | Minimally-Adjusted Model | Fully-Adjusted Model |
---|---|---|---|
Phosphorus (×0.1 mmol/L) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) 0.0059 | 1.06 (1.01, 1.10) 0.0170 | 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) 0.0221 |
Phosphorus tertiles | |||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle | 1.22 (0.95, 1.55) 0.1144 | 1.18 (0.92, 1.51) 0.1891 | 1.14 (0.88, 1.48) 0.3115 |
High | 1.37 (1.07, 1.75) 0.0118 | 1.31 (1.02, 1.69) 0.0336 | 1.30 (1.00, 1.69) 0.0542 |
p for trend | 0.0117 | 0.0339 | 0.0542 |
Outcome | OR (95% CI) p-Value |
---|---|
Fitting model by stand linear regression | 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) 0.0221 |
Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression | |
Inflection point | 0.71 mmol/L |
<0.71 mmol/L | 1.64 (1.04, 2.59) 0.0333 |
>0.71 mmol/L | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) 0.1860 |
p for log-likelihood ratio test | 0.036 |
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Lu, D.-X.; Zhang, K.; Ma, T.; Li, M.; Li, Z.; Xu, Y.-B.; Wang, C.-F.; Ren, C.; Zhang, B.-F. The Association between Admission Serum Phosphorus and Preoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis in Geriatric Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Study. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030545
Lu D-X, Zhang K, Ma T, Li M, Li Z, Xu Y-B, Wang C-F, Ren C, Zhang B-F. The Association between Admission Serum Phosphorus and Preoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis in Geriatric Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Study. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(3):545. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030545
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Dong-Xing, Kun Zhang, Teng Ma, Ming Li, Zhong Li, Yi-Bo Xu, Chao-Feng Wang, Cheng Ren, and Bin-Fei Zhang. 2023. "The Association between Admission Serum Phosphorus and Preoperative Deep Venous Thrombosis in Geriatric Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Study" Diagnostics 13, no. 3: 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030545