Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Contrast-Enhanced Time-Resolved MR Angiography to Assess Angioarchitectural Classification Features of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Recruitment
2.2. Four-Dimensional MRA Techniques
2.3. DSA Exploration
2.4. End Points
2.5. Interpretation
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Population
3.2. Diagnostic Performance and Concordance of 4D-MRAs to Detect Shunts
3.3. Correlation and Concordance of Scaling between DSA and 4D-MRAs
3.4. Agreements of Readings 4D-MRAs Techniques
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Description | Med. or Freq. | [IQR] or % |
---|---|---|
Demographics (over n = 43) | ||
Age, years | 55 | [34–61] |
Sex, male | 27 | 62.80% |
Hemorrhagic presentation | 37 | 68.52% |
Treated (overall n = 54) | 22 | 40.74% |
Embolization | 8 | 36.36% |
Embolization then radiosurgery | 6 | 27.27% |
Embolization then surgery | 5 | 22.73% |
Radiosurgery | 3 | 13.64% |
bAVM location (over n = 43) | ||
Supratentorial | 38 | 88.30% |
Infratentorial | 5 | 11.63% |
bAVM visualisation (DSA consensus) | 40 | 74.07% |
Shunt (over non-treated n = 32) | 29 | 90.62% |
Residual shunt (over treated n = 22) | 11 | 50.00% |
bAVM Grading (DSA consensus, overall) | ||
SM | 1 | [1–3] |
AVMES | 3 | [3–6] |
Buffalo | 2 | [2–3] |
R2DAVM | 4 | [4–5] |
Time intervals (overall) | ||
Delay between DSA and 4D MRA, months | 4 | [1–18] |
Shunt Detection | CE-4D-MRA | NCE-4D-MRA |
---|---|---|
Visualisation (%) | 63.58 | 56.79 |
Kappa (interobs.) | 0.73 | 0.82 |
Kappa (vs. DSA) | 0.59 | 0.58 |
Sensitivity | 80.83 | 75.00 |
Specificity | 85.71 | 95.24 |
PPV | 84.17 | 97.82 |
NPV | 61.10 | 57.14 |
AUC * | 83.27 | 85.11 |
CE-4D-MRA (vs. DSA) | NCE-4D-MRA (vs. DSA) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Med./Freq. | IQR/% | p-Value | Corr. Coef. | Kappa | Med./Freq. | IQR/% | p-Value | Corr. Coef. | Kappa |
Grading scales | ||||||||||
SM | 2 | [1–4] | 1.000 | 0.76 | 0.58 | 3 | [1–4] | <0.001 * | 0.78 | 0.66 |
AVMES | 4 | [3–7] | 0.007 * | 0.80 | 0.57 | 4 | [3–6] | 0.014 * | 0.73 | 0.49 |
Buffalo | 2 | [2–4] | 0.714 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 3 | [2–3.25] | 0.357 | 0.74 | 0.58 |
R2DAVM | 4 | [3–5] | 0.648 | 0.68 | 0.55 | 4.5 | [4–5] | 0.034 * | 0.70 | 0.55 |
Features | ||||||||||
Nidus size (SM) | 1 | [1–2] | 0.555 | 0.85 | 0.77 | 2 | [1–2] | 0.193 | 0.87 | 0.80 |
Deep location | 14 | 08.64% | <0.001 * | 0.83 | 0.82 | 16 | 09.87% | <0.001 * | 0.67 | 0.66 |
Eloquency | 55 | 33.95% | 0.021 * | 0.70 | 0.69 | 56 | 34.56% | 0.021 * | 0.71 | 0.70 |
Fossa posterior | 13 | 08.02% | <0.001 * | 0.96 | 0.95 | 10 | 06.17% | <0.001 * | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Nb. of feeders | 3 | [1.5–5] | 0.173 | 0.86 | 0.55 | 3 | [2–5] | 0.315 | 0.78 | 0.47 |
Feeder size > 1 mm | 88 | 90.72 | <0.001 * | 0.71 | 0.71 | 81 | 90.00 | <0.001 * | 0.60 | 0.59 |
Superf. ven. drain. | 61 | 59.80% | <0.001 * | 0.54 | 0.46 | 69 | 76.67 | 0.019 * | 0.20 | 0.16 |
Nb. draining veins | 1 | [1–2] | 0.101 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 1 | [1–1] | <0.001 * | 0.30 | 0.20 |
Nb. ven. aneurysm | 0 | [0–0.5] | <0.001 * | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | <0.001 * | 0.31 | 0.17 |
Agreements between 4D-MRAs Techniques | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | CE-4D-MRA (Interobs.) | NCE-4D-MRA (Interobs.) | NCE- vs. CE-4D-MRA | |||
Corr. Coeff. | Kappa | Corr. Coeff. | Kappa | Corr. Coeff. | Kappa | |
Grading scales | ||||||
SM | 0.84 | 0.67 | 0.74 | 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.53 |
AVMES | 0.87 | 0.69 | 0.80 | 0.60 | 0.68 | 0.49 |
Buffalo | 0.83 | 0.70 | 0.79 | 0.59 | 0.70 | 0.55 |
R2DAVM | 0.52 | 0.29 | 0.60 | 0.38 | 0.60 | 0.48 |
Features | ||||||
Nidus size (SM) | 0.90 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.71 |
Deep location | 0.80 | 0.68 | 0.69 | 0.44 | 0.58 | 0.58 |
Eloquency | 0.65 | 0.46 | 0.57 | 0.33 | 0.51 | 0.51 |
Fossa posterior | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Nb. of feeders | 0.92 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.65 | 0.73 | 0.56 |
Feeder size > 1 mm | 0.47 | 0.19 | - | 0.03 | 0.40 | 0.39 |
Superf. ven. drain. | 0.64 | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.21 |
Nb. draining veins | 0.79 | 0.35 | 0.46 | 0.10 | 0.28 | 0.21 |
Nb. ven. aneurysm | 0.47 | 0.11 | - | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.23 |
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Chauvet, G.; Cheddad El Aouni, M.; Magro, E.; Sabardu, O.; Ben Salem, D.; Gentric, J.-C.; Ognard, J. Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Contrast-Enhanced Time-Resolved MR Angiography to Assess Angioarchitectural Classification Features of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1656. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151656
Chauvet G, Cheddad El Aouni M, Magro E, Sabardu O, Ben Salem D, Gentric J-C, Ognard J. Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Contrast-Enhanced Time-Resolved MR Angiography to Assess Angioarchitectural Classification Features of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(15):1656. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151656
Chicago/Turabian StyleChauvet, Grégoire, Mourad Cheddad El Aouni, Elsa Magro, Ophélie Sabardu, Douraied Ben Salem, Jean-Christophe Gentric, and Julien Ognard. 2024. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Non-Contrast-Enhanced Time-Resolved MR Angiography to Assess Angioarchitectural Classification Features of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations" Diagnostics 14, no. 15: 1656. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151656