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Open AccessArticle
Hypoxia-Regulated Proteins: Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Their Association with Clinicopathologic Features
by
Dae Hyun Song
Dae Hyun Song 1,2,†,
Jae Yoon Jo
Jae Yoon Jo 2,3,†,
Cho Hee Kim
Cho Hee Kim 2,
Min Hye Kim
Min Hye Kim 2,4,
In Ae Cho
In Ae Cho 2,3
,
Jeong Kyu Shin
Jeong Kyu Shin 2,3,
Won Jun Choi
Won Jun Choi 2,3 and
Jong Chul Baek
Jong Chul Baek 2,5,*
1
Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea
2
Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
5
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Diagnostics 2024, 14(16), 1735; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161735 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 July 2024
/
Revised: 8 August 2024
/
Accepted: 8 August 2024
/
Published: 9 August 2024
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia-regulated proteins (HIF-1α and GLUT-1) have been identified as prognostic markers in various cancers; however, their role in endometrial cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expression in endometrial cancer and correlate their expression with clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed using specimens from a retrospective cohort of 51 endometrial cancer patients who underwent hysterectomy at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital between 2002 and 2009. Clinicopathologic data were collected from electronic medical records, and HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expressions were assessed in the tumor tissue. Results: GLUT-1 expression in endometrial cancer was categorized as mosaic, central, or diffuse. Most patients (56.0%) exhibited a central pattern, followed by diffuse (32.0%) and mosaic (12.0%) patterns. GLUT-1 expression was not significantly associated with histologic grade (p = 0.365). HIF-1α expression in immune cells, but not tumor cells, was significantly associated with a higher histologic grade. A higher proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells, using both thresholds (≤1% vs. >1% and ≤5% vs. >5%), was significantly associated with higher histologic grade (p = 0.032 and p = 0.048, respectively). In addition, a higher proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells was significantly associated with a diffuse GLUT-1 expression pattern using >5% as a threshold. There were no significant differences in the proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells between groups stratified by age, tumor size, or invasion depth, regardless of whether the 1% or 5% threshold for HIF-1α positivity was used. Conclusions: A higher proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells is associated with endometrial cancers with higher histologic grade and diffuse GLUT1 expression patterns. These findings suggest a potential role for HIF-1α as a prognostic marker and highlight the need for further studies into the role of HIF-1α in the tumor microenvironment.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Song, D.H.; Jo, J.Y.; Kim, C.H.; Kim, M.H.; Cho, I.A.; Shin, J.K.; Choi, W.J.; Baek, J.C.
Hypoxia-Regulated Proteins: Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Their Association with Clinicopathologic Features. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1735.
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161735
AMA Style
Song DH, Jo JY, Kim CH, Kim MH, Cho IA, Shin JK, Choi WJ, Baek JC.
Hypoxia-Regulated Proteins: Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Their Association with Clinicopathologic Features. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(16):1735.
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161735
Chicago/Turabian Style
Song, Dae Hyun, Jae Yoon Jo, Cho Hee Kim, Min Hye Kim, In Ae Cho, Jeong Kyu Shin, Won Jun Choi, and Jong Chul Baek.
2024. "Hypoxia-Regulated Proteins: Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Their Association with Clinicopathologic Features" Diagnostics 14, no. 16: 1735.
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161735
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