Impact of the FreeStyle Libre 2® System on Glycaemic Outcomes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes—Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Glycaemic Results
3.2. Change in Glycaemic Results by Group
3.3. Change in GMI
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Characteristics | Value n = 81 |
---|---|
Male [n/%] | 40/49 |
Female [n/%] | 41/51 |
Age [years] | 41 ± 12 |
Duration of diabetes [years] | 21 ± 12 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 25.5 ± 3.9 |
MDI [n/%] | 48/59 |
SCII [n/%] | 33/41 |
Variables | Period A 3–4 Weeks of FGM | Period B 11–12 Weeks of FGM | p |
---|---|---|---|
Average glucose [mg/dL] | 150 ± 28 | 151 ± 27 | 0.856 |
Daily scans | 13.5 ± 7.9 | 11.9 ± 7.4 | 0.021 |
GMI [%] | 6.92 ± 0.67 | 6.92 ± 0.65 | 0.882 |
Glucose variability [%] | 35.6 ± 7.62 | 34.8 ± 6.92 | 0.110 |
TIR [%] | 67.6 ± 16.7 | 68.4 ± 15.9 | 0.377 |
TAR > 180 mg/dL [%] | 20.09 ± 11.3 | 19.7 ± 10.5 | 0.560 |
TAR > 250 mg/dL [%] | 7.46 ± 7.54 | 7.50 ± 7.75 | 0.951 |
TBR < 70 mg/dL [%] | 3.92 ± 3.53 | 3.72 ± 3.38 | 0.545 |
TBR < 54 mg/dL [%] | 0.85 ± 1.94 | 0.54 ± 1.54 | 0.219 |
Low glucose events [n] | 8.9 ± 6.8 | 8.6 ± 7.1 | 0.697 |
Variables | Age < 40 yrs. n = 44 | Age ≥ 40 yrs. n = 37 | p |
---|---|---|---|
Average glucose [mg/dL] | 3.25 ± 15.8 | −3.18 ± 14.9 | 0.05 |
Daily scans | −2.77 ± 4.36 | −0.14 ± 4.16 | 0.007 |
GMI [%] | 0.07 ± 0.38 | −0.07 ± 0.36 | 0.08 |
Glucose variability [%] | −1.49 ± 4.37 | 0.09 ± 4.03 | 0.09 |
TIR [%] | −0.63 ± 8.62 | 2.57 ± 7.86 | 0.08 |
TAR > 180 mg/dL [%] | 0.34 ± 5.69 | −1.19 ± 5.25 | 0.215 |
TAR > 250 mg/dL [%] | 1.0 ± 5.33 | −1.11 ± 5.53 | 0.08 |
TBR < 70 mg/dL [%] | −0.48 ± 2.72 | 0.14 ± 3.15 | 0.351 |
TBR < 54 mg/dL [%] | −0.23 ± 1.59 | −0.41 ± 2.85 | 0.724 |
Low glucose events [n] | −0.5 ± 6.15 | 0 ± 6.45 | 0.722 |
Variables | DM Duration <10 yrs. n = 34 | DM Duration ≥10 yrs. n = 47 | p | MDI n = 48 | CSII n = 33 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average glucose [mg/dL] | 2.48 ± 16.0 | −0.35 ± 14.9 | 0.422 | 1.9 ± 16.1 | −0.32 ± 15.4 | 0.556 |
Daily scans | −1.94 ± 4.32 | −1.41 ± 4.58 | 0.607 | −1.85 ± 3.87 | −2.0 ± 5.2 | 0.870 |
GMI [%] | 0.05 ± 0.38 | −0.004 ± 0.36 | 0.509 | 0.04 ± 0.39 | −0.01 ± 0.36 | 0.506 |
Glucose variability [%] | −1.14 ± 4.17 | −0.66 ± 4.39 | 0.625 | −1.10 ± 4.17 | −0.60 ± 4.79 | 0.643 |
TIR [%] | 0.09 ± 8.66 | 0.82 ± 7.76 | 0.693 | 0.76 ± 8.44 | 0.28 ± 8.72 | 0.816 |
TAR > 180 mg/dL [%] | −0.06 ± 5.80 | −0.46 ± 5.45 | 0.757 | −0.47 ± 5.89 | 0.10 ± 5.42 | 0.677 |
TAR > 250 mg/dL [%] | 1.03 ± 5.13 | −0.22 ± 5.02 | 0.284 | 0.62 ± 4.94 | 0.32 ± 5.65 | 0.464 |
TBR < 70 mg/dL [%] | −0.757 ± 2.46 | 0.152 ± 3.23 | 0.178 | −0.54 ± 3.36 | 0.17 ± 2.6 | 0.339 |
TBR < 54 mg/dL [%] | −0.30 ± 1.31 | −0.30 ± 2.78 | 0.998 | −0.357 ± 2.8 | −0.25 ± 1.69 | 0.857 |
Low glucose events [n] | −1.12 ± 4.18 | 0.28 ± 7.50 | 0.334 | −1.11 ± 6.47 | 0.75 ± 6.53 | 0.242 |
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Rutkowska, K.; Łoś-Stegienta, A.; Bagiński, M.; Zięba, E.; Baran, A.; Żurawska-Kliś, M.; Kosiński, M.; Cypryk, K. Impact of the FreeStyle Libre 2® System on Glycaemic Outcomes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes—Preliminary Study. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161777
Rutkowska K, Łoś-Stegienta A, Bagiński M, Zięba E, Baran A, Żurawska-Kliś M, Kosiński M, Cypryk K. Impact of the FreeStyle Libre 2® System on Glycaemic Outcomes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes—Preliminary Study. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(16):1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161777
Chicago/Turabian StyleRutkowska, Katarzyna, Agnieszka Łoś-Stegienta, Michał Bagiński, Ewa Zięba, Adrianna Baran, Monika Żurawska-Kliś, Marcin Kosiński, and Katarzyna Cypryk. 2024. "Impact of the FreeStyle Libre 2® System on Glycaemic Outcomes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes—Preliminary Study" Diagnostics 14, no. 16: 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161777