The Mid-Term Effect of Preservative-Free Artificial Tears Containing Hyaluronic Acid on Dry Eye Incidence after Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participant Selection
2.2. Cataract Surgery
2.3. Dry Eye Examinations
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Feature | Non-HA Group (N: 74) | HA Group (N: 37) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 61.25 ± 10.32 | 60.70 ± 10.87 | 0.733 |
Sex (male: female) | 34:40 | 21:16 | 0.318 |
Laterality (right: left) | 29:45 | 15:22 | 0.891 |
Disease | 0.854 | ||
Hypertension | 4 | 2 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 5 | 2 | |
Autoimmune disease | 3 | 1 | |
Other | 2 | 0 | |
Ophthalmic diseases | 0.305 | ||
Retinal disease | 2 | 2 | |
Uveitis | 0 | 1 | |
Ocular surgery | 6 | 2 | 0.717 |
UDVA (LogMAR) | 0.45 ± 0.26 | 0.41 ± 0.28 | 0.409 |
CDVA (LogMAR) | 0.34 ± 0.18 | 0.29 ± 0.17 | 0.146 |
Cycloplegia refraction (D) | |||
Sphere | −3.17 ± 4.56 | −3.02 ± 5.41 | 0.858 |
Cylinder | −1.25 ± 0.73 | −1.18 ± 0.82 | 0.617 |
SE | −3.79 ± 5.09 | −3.61 ± 4.81 | 0.834 |
TBUT | 12.15 ± 3.79 | 13.01 ± 3.57 | 0.213 |
Schirmer II test | 15.76 ± 6.61 | 14.84 ± 7.24 | 0.486 |
Ocular surface stain | 2 | 2 | 0.514 |
DED-related syndrome | 0.803 | ||
0 | 52 | 24 | |
1 | 17 | 10 | |
2 | 5 | 3 | |
≥3 | 0 | 0 |
Outcome | Non-HA Group (N: 74) | HA Group (N: 37) | p |
---|---|---|---|
UDVA | |||
1 day | 0.10 ± 0.11 | 0.09 ± 0.15 | 0.641 |
1 week | 0.08 ± 0.15 | 0.07 ± 0.11 | 0.688 |
1 month | 0.08 ± 0.13 | 0.06 ± 0.08 | 0.364 |
2 months | 0.07 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.07 | 0.018 * |
SE | |||
1 day | −0.29 ± 0.31 | −0.26 ± 0.34 | 0.615 |
1 week | −0.25 ± 0.28 | −0.25 ± 0.30 | 0.996 |
1 month | −0.26 ± 0.24 | −0.24 ± 0.23 | 0.637 |
2 months | −0.25 ± 0.25 | −0.24 ± 0.21 | 0.808 |
DED Parameters | Non-HA Group (N: 74) | HA Group (N: 37) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Superficial keratitis | |||
Incidence | 10 | 2 | |
Crude OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.415 (0.217–0.759) | <0.001 * |
aOR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.577 (0.329–0.868) | <0.001 * |
Multiple DED symptoms | |||
Incidence | 13 | 5 | |
Crude OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.719 (0.556–0.852) | 0.002 * |
aOR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.833 (0.706–0.959) | 0.024 * |
Factor | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||
HA group | ||||
Old age | 1.121 | 0.923 | 1.368 | 0.247 |
Female sex | 1.065 | 0.872 | 1.395 | 0.394 |
Low preoperative TBUT | 1.289 | 1.004 | 1.462 | 0.043 * |
Low Preoperative Schirmer II test | 1.117 | 0.902 | 1.287 | 0.176 |
Ocular surface stain | 1.296 | 0.973 | 1.519 | 0.069 |
Any DED symptoms | 1.077 | 0.899 | 1.317 | 0.348 |
Non-HA group | ||||
Old age | 1.245 | 1.098 | 1.466 | 0.033 * |
Female sex | 1.153 | 0.991 | 1.307 | 0.061 |
Low preoperative TBUT | 1.376 | 1.138 | 1.551 | 0.016 * |
Low Preoperative Schirmer II test | 1.283 | 0.954 | 1.462 | 0.144 |
Ocular surface stain | 1.323 | 1.149 | 1.576 | 0.018 * |
Any DED symptoms | 1.119 | 0.923 | 1.401 | 0.221 |
Factor | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||
HA group | ||||
Old age | 1.005 | 0.822 | 1.257 | 0.748 |
Female sex | 1.287 | 0.938 | 1.584 | 0.107 |
Low preoperative TBUT | 1.394 | 1.021 | 1.627 | 0.020 * |
Low Preoperative Schirmer II test | 1.052 | 0.877 | 1.419 | 0.336 |
Ocular surface stain | 1.096 | 0.913 | 1.255 | 0.531 |
Any DED symptoms | 1.274 | 0.949 | 1.472 | 0.144 |
Non-HA group | ||||
Old age | 1.212 | 0.965 | 1.443 | 0.098 |
Female sex | 1.299 | 1.018 | 1.485 | 0.035 * |
Low preoperative TBUT | 1.459 | 1.162 | 1.694 | 0.001 * |
Low Preoperative Schirmer II test | 1.229 | 0.867 | 1.453 | 0.245 |
Ocular surface stain | 1.178 | 0.882 | 1.409 | 0.191 |
Any DED symptoms | 1.297 | 1.056 | 1.565 | 0.027 * |
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Lee, C.-Y.; Yang, S.-F.; Chen, H.-C.; Lian, I.-B.; Huang, C.-T.; Huang, J.-Y.; Chang, C.-K. The Mid-Term Effect of Preservative-Free Artificial Tears Containing Hyaluronic Acid on Dry Eye Incidence after Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171848
Lee C-Y, Yang S-F, Chen H-C, Lian I-B, Huang C-T, Huang J-Y, Chang C-K. The Mid-Term Effect of Preservative-Free Artificial Tears Containing Hyaluronic Acid on Dry Eye Incidence after Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(17):1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171848
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Chia-Yi, Shun-Fa Yang, Hung-Chi Chen, Ie-Bin Lian, Chin-Te Huang, Jing-Yang Huang, and Chao-Kai Chang. 2024. "The Mid-Term Effect of Preservative-Free Artificial Tears Containing Hyaluronic Acid on Dry Eye Incidence after Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study" Diagnostics 14, no. 17: 1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171848