A Retrospective Analysis of 2-Year Follow-Up of Patients with Incidental Findings of Sarcoidosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Subjects
2.3. Outcome Measures
2.4. Cost Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Demographics
3.2. Co-Morbidities, Symptoms, and Serology
3.3. Radiological Changes
3.4. Pulmonary Function Tests
3.5. Cost Analysis
3.6. Algorithm
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | N | |
---|---|---|
Male, % (n) | 52.2% (35) | 67 |
Age in years (IQR) | 54 (47–63.5) | 67 |
Smoking status, % (n) | 67 | |
Non-smoker | 64.2 (43) | |
Ex-smoker | 17.9 (12) | |
Current smoker | 7.5 (5) | |
Unknown | 10.4 (7) | |
Ethnicity, % (n) | 67 | |
British Caucasian | 82.1 (55) | |
British Black | 1.5 (1) | |
British Asian | 3.0 (2) | |
Egyptian | 1.5 (1) | |
Unknown | 11.9 (8) | |
Serum calcium | 56 | |
Normal, % (n) | 100 (56) | |
Serum ACE | 54 | |
Normal, % (n) | 48.1 (26) | |
Elevated, % (n) | 51.9 (28) | |
eGFR (ml/min) | 78.5 (65.5–88.8) | 61 |
Liver function tests | 62 | |
Albumin | 39 (37–43) | |
Bilirubin (µmol/L) | 7 (6–9) | |
ALT (U/L) | 23 (20–36) | |
ALP (U/L) | 77 (61.3–97.5) | |
FEV1, l | 2.9 (2.2–3.5) | 56 |
FEV1, % predicted | 98.4 (88.6–112.6) | 55 |
FVC, l | 3.7 (3.0–4.7) | 55 |
FVC, % predicted | 107 (99.3–124.8) | 54 |
FEV1/FVC, % | 76 (72–80) | 54 |
TLCO, mmol/min/kPa | 7.9 (6.4–9.5) | 38 |
TLCO, % predicted | 90 (76.7–102.8) | 38 |
KCO, mmol/min/kPa/l | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) | 37 |
KCO, % predicted | 93 (87–106) | 37 |
1-Year Follow-Up Scan | n | 2-Year Follow-Up Scan | n | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Proportion of patients that remained stable, % (n) | 58 (29) | 50 | 30.2 (16) | 53 |
Proportion of patients that regressed, % (n) | 40 (20) | 69.8 (37) | ||
Proportion of patients that progressed, % (n) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) |
Baseline | 1-Year Follow-Up | 2-Year Follow-Up | |
---|---|---|---|
Chest X-rays completed (n) | 67 | 50 | 53 |
HRCTs completed (n) | 67 | 19 | 13 |
Baseline | 1-Year Follow-Up | 2-Year Follow-Up | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
p Value | ||||
FEV1, % predicted | 98.4 (88.6–112.6) | 96.9 (86.2–113) | 99 (91.8–116.8) | 0.437 |
FVC, % predicted | 107 (99.3–124.8) | 105 (94.5–126) | 110 (99.3–131.3) | 0.699 |
TLCO, % predicted | 90 (76.7–102.8) | 87.6 (77.3–103) | 86 (70.6–95) | 0.124 |
KCO, % predicted | 93 (87–106) | 96.5 (86.3–105.8) | 92.2 (81.2–106) | 0.195 |
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Thomas-Orogan, O.; Barratt, S.L.; Zafran, M.; Kwok, A.; Simons, A.; Judge, E.P.; Wells, M.; Daly, R.; Sharp, C.; Jeyabalan, A.; et al. A Retrospective Analysis of 2-Year Follow-Up of Patients with Incidental Findings of Sarcoidosis. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14030237
Thomas-Orogan O, Barratt SL, Zafran M, Kwok A, Simons A, Judge EP, Wells M, Daly R, Sharp C, Jeyabalan A, et al. A Retrospective Analysis of 2-Year Follow-Up of Patients with Incidental Findings of Sarcoidosis. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(3):237. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14030237
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas-Orogan, Oluwabukola, Shaney L. Barratt, Muhammad Zafran, Apollo Kwok, Anneliese Simons, Eoin P. Judge, Matthew Wells, Richard Daly, Charles Sharp, Abiramy Jeyabalan, and et al. 2024. "A Retrospective Analysis of 2-Year Follow-Up of Patients with Incidental Findings of Sarcoidosis" Diagnostics 14, no. 3: 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14030237