Associations between Multimorbidity Patterns and Subsequent Labor Market Marginalization among Refugees and Swedish-Born Young Adults—A Nationwide Registered-Based Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Study Population
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Exposure Assessment
2.4. Outcome Ascertainment
2.5. Covariates
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.6.1. Multimorbidity Network
2.6.2. Logistic Regression
2.6.3. Relative Risks of Diagnostic Groups
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Multimorbidity Network
4. Discussion
Methodological Considerations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Refugees | Swedish-Born 1 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 41,516) | (n = 207,729) | ||
Age (mean, sd) | 22.6 (1.71) | 22.6 (1.71) | |
Gender (male, n(%)) | 22,189 (53.5) | 110,982 (53.4) | |
Family situation, n(%) | |||
Married or cohabitant without children | 2127 (5.12) | 2067 (1.00) | <0.0001 |
Married or cohabitant with children | 4053 (9.76) | 10,421 (5.02) | <0.0001 |
Single without children 2 | 30,130 (72.6) | 170,272 (82.0) | <0.0001 |
Single with children | 1267 (3.05) | 2466 (1.19) | <0.0001 |
Youth (≤20 years) living at home | 3939 (9.49) | 22,503 (10.8) | <0.0001 |
Type of living area, n(%) | |||
Big cities | 18,463 (44.5) | 92,652 (44.6) | |
Medium-sized cities | 17,002 (41.0) | 85,035 (40.9) | |
Rural areas | 6051 (14.6) | 30,042 (14.5) | |
Education levels, n(%) | |||
0–9 years | 10,207 (24.6) | 17,633 (8.49) | <0.0001 |
10–12 years | 19,637 (47.3) | 123,849 (59.6) | <0.0001 |
>12 years | 9884 (23.8) | 65,713 (31.6) | <0.0001 |
Missing | 1788 (4.31) | 534 (0.26) | |
Previous Sickness absences, n(%) 3 | 467 (1.12) | 3526 (1.70) | <0.0001 |
Previous Unemployment, n(%) 4 | 3583 (8.63) | 4857 (2.34) | <0.0001 |
Refugees (n = 41,516) | Swedish-Born (n = 207,729) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Crude | Multivariate Model 1 | n | Crude | Multivariate Model 1 | |
Disability Pension as outcome | ||||||
Multimorbidity score in disability pension | 379 | 1.67 (1.60, 1.75) | 1.59 (1.52, 1.67) | 2462 | 1.68 (1.66, 1.71) | 1.51 (1.48, 1.54) |
Unemployment as outcome | ||||||
Multimorbidity score in unemployment | 7141 | 1.22 (1.19, 1.25) | 1.15 (1.12, 1.17) | 9182 | 1.26 (1.24, 1.28) | 1.12 (1.10, 1.14) |
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Chen, J.; Mittendorfer-Rutz, E.; Berg, L.; Norredam, M.; Sijbrandij, M.; Klimek, P. Associations between Multimorbidity Patterns and Subsequent Labor Market Marginalization among Refugees and Swedish-Born Young Adults—A Nationwide Registered-Based Cohort Study. J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11, 1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121305
Chen J, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Berg L, Norredam M, Sijbrandij M, Klimek P. Associations between Multimorbidity Patterns and Subsequent Labor Market Marginalization among Refugees and Swedish-Born Young Adults—A Nationwide Registered-Based Cohort Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2021; 11(12):1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121305
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jiaying, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Lisa Berg, Marie Norredam, Marit Sijbrandij, and Peter Klimek. 2021. "Associations between Multimorbidity Patterns and Subsequent Labor Market Marginalization among Refugees and Swedish-Born Young Adults—A Nationwide Registered-Based Cohort Study" Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 12: 1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121305