Effects of Dance-Based Aerobic Training on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Randomization
2.4. Intervention
2.5. Outcomes
2.5.1. Depression
2.5.2. Sleep Quality
2.5.3. Quality of Life
2.6. Sample Calculation
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Depression
3.2. Sleep Quality
3.3. Quality of Life
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 92) | EG (n = 47) | CG (n = 45) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 71.83 ± 2.96 | 71.43 ± 2.97 | 72.24 ± 2.92 | |
Sex | Male | 34 (23.10) | 18 (52.90) | 16 (47.10) |
Female | 58 (39.50) | 29 (50.00) | 29 (50.00) | |
Occupational status | Retired | 67 (45.60) | 35 (52.20) | 32 (47.80) |
Worker | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
Stopped | 25 (17.00) | 12 (48.00) | 13 (52.00) | |
Civil status | Single | 13 (8.80) | 7 (53.80) | 6 (46.20) |
Married | 52 (35.40) | 26 (50.00) | 26 (50.00) | |
Divorced/separated/widowed | 27 (18.40) | 14 (51.90) | 13 (48.10) | |
Educational status | Without studies | 14 (9.50) | 8 (57.10) | 6 (42.90) |
Primary studies | 54 (36.70) | 31 (57.40) | 23 (42.60) | |
Secondary studies | 16 (10.90) | 5 (31.20) | 11 (68.80) | |
University studies | 8 (5.40) | 3 (37.50) | 5 (62.50) | |
Depression | 6.46 ± 3.33 | 6.49 ± 3.30 | 6.42 ± 3.39 | |
Sleep quality | 1.35 ± 0.95 | 1.34 ± 1.05 | 1.36 ± 0.86 | |
Sleep latency | 1.43 ± 1.12 | 1.34 ± 1.13 | 1.53 ± 1.12 | |
Sleep duration | 1.20 ± 1.02 | 1.04 ± 0.96 | 1.36 ± 1.07 | |
Sleep efficiency | 1.11 ± 1.03 | 0.91 ± 0.95 | 1.31 ± 1.08 | |
Sleep disturbances | 1.58 ± 0.83 | 1.51 ± 0.75 | 1.64 ± 0.91 | |
Use of sleeping medication | 1.45 ± 1.02 | 1.51 ± 1.12 | 1.38 ± 0.91 | |
Daytime dysfunction | 1.21 ± 0.73 | 1.04 ± 0.78 | 1.39 ± 0.65 | |
PSQI Total score | 8.11 ± 3.09 | 7.66 ± 3.04 | 8.58 ± 3.11 | |
SF-36 General Health | 52.88 ± 15.18 | 51.60 ± 16.98 | 54.22 ± 13.10 | |
SF-36 Physical Function | 58.32 ± 22.01 | 60.21 ± 22.21 | 53.33 ± 21.86 | |
SF-36 Physical Role | 60.33 ± 36.72 | 56.38 ± 37.03 | 64.44 ± 36.34 | |
SF-36 Emotional Role | 71.08 ± 27.49 | 67.77 ± 27.91 | 74.53 ± 26.92 | |
SF-36 Social Function | 84.40 ± 21.19 | 82.89 ± 23.43 | 85.98 ± 18.71 | |
SF-36 Physical pain | 63.77 ± 19.26 | 60.77 ± 17.77 | 66.91 ± 20.42 | |
SF-36 Vitality | 61.09 ± 19.21 | 52.87 ± 16.38 | 69.67 ± 18.32 | |
SF-36 Mental Health | 68.46 ± 19.22 | 64.68 ± 19.35 | 72.40 ± 18.47 | |
SF-36 CSF | 58.82 ± 11.59 | 57.24 ± 12.17 | 60.48 ± 10.83 | |
SF-36 CSM | 73.78 ± 10.82 | 72.00 ± 10.24 | 75.64 ± 11.22 |
EG (n = 47) | CG (n = 45) | Group | Time | Group × Time | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | F(90) | p-Value | η2 | F(90) | p-Value | η2 | F(90) | p-Value | η2 | |
Depression | 6.49 ± 3.30 | 5.55 ± 2.78 | 6.42 ± 3.39 | 6.93 ± 3.22 | 1.044 | 0.310 | 0.011 | 1.683 | 0.198 | 0.018 | 19.517 | 0.000 | 0.178 |
Sleep quality | 1.34 ± 1.05 | 1.00 ± 0.91 | 1.36 ± 0.86 | 1.36 ± 0.77 | 1.094 | 0.298 | 0.012 | 6.789 | 0.010 | 0.073 | 6.939 | 0.010 | 0.072 |
Sleep latency | 1.34 ± 1.13 | 1.26 ± 0.97 | 1.53 ± 1.12 | 1.60 ± 1.07 | 1.696 | 0.196 | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.916 | 0.000 | 0.763 | 0.385 | 0.008 |
Sleep duration | 1.04 ± 0.95 | 0.47 ± 0.55 | 1.36 ± 1.07 | 1.18 ± 0.86 | 9.535 | 0.003 | 0096 | 23.385 | 0.000 | 0.206 | 6.503 | 0.012 | 0.067 |
Sleep efficiency | 0.91 ± 0.95 | 0.70 ± 0.80 | 1.31 ± 0.08 | 1.22 ± 0.77 | 7.290 | 0.008 | 0.075 | 3.163 | 0.079 | 0.034 | 0.533 | 0.467 | 0.006 |
Sleep disturbances | 1.51 ± 0.75 | 1.28 ± 0.68 | 1.64 ± 0.91 | 1.51 ± 0.82 | 1.511 | 0.222 | 0.017 | 7.047 | 0.009 | 0.073 | 0.530 | 0.469 | 0.006 |
Use of sleeping medication | 1.51 ± 1.12 | 1.45 ± 0.12 | 1.38 ± 0.91 | 1.47 ± 1.14 | 0.073 | 0.787 | 0.001 | 0.038 | 0.846 | 0.000 | 1.401 | 0.240 | 0.015 |
Daytime dysfunction | 1.04 ± 0.78 | 0.98 ± 0.79 | 1.38 ± 0.65 | 1.13 ± 0.84 | 3.644 | 0.059 | 0.039 | 2.554 | 0.114 | 0.028 | 0.875 | 0.352 | 0.010 |
PSQI total score | 7.66 ± 3.03 | 7.06 ± 3.05 | 8.58 ± 3.11 | 9.29 ± 2.55 | 7.718 | 0.007 | 0.079 | 0.058 | 0.811 | 0.001 | 7.384 | 0.008 | 0.076 |
EG (n = 47) | CG (n = 45) | Group | Time | Group × Time | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | F(93) | p-Value | η2 | F(93) | p-Value | η2 | F(93) | p-Value | η2 | |
SF-36 General Health | 51.60 ± 16.98 | 67.34 ± 15.28 | 54.22 ± 13.10 | 51.11 ± 13.18 | 5.911 | 0.017 | 0.062 | 24.258 | 0.000 | 0.212 | 54.037 | 0.000 | 0.375 |
SF-36 Physical Function | 60.21 ± 22.21 | 69.89 ± 18.55 | 56.33 ± 21.86 | 51.44 ± 20.55 | 7.252 | 0.008 | 0.075 | 3.395 | 0.0690 | 0.036 | 31.384 | 0.000 | 0.259 |
SF-36 Physical Role | 56.38 ± 37.03 | 88.30 ± 21.40 | 64.44 ± 36.34 | 73.33 ± 37.84 | 0.332 | 0.566 | 0.004 | 30.332 | 0.000 | 0.252 | 9.659 | 0.003 | 0.097 |
SF-36 Emotional Role | 67.77 ± 29.91 | 71.58 ± 28.55 | 74.53 ± 26.92 | 90.64 ± 18.22 | 1.620 | 0.0206 | 0.018 | 18.344 | 0.000 | 0.169 | 30.849 | 0.000 | 0.255 |
SF-36 Social Function | 82.89 ± 23.43 | 81.16 ± 16.70 | 85.98 ± 18.71 | 93.45 ± 15.45 | 1.708 | 0.195 | 0.019 | 2.710 | 0.103 | 0.029 | 19.509 | 0.000 | 0.178 |
SF-36 Physical pain | 60.77 ± 17.77 | 79.09 ± 17.24 | 66.91 ± 20.42 | 61.60 ± 19.88 | 2.789 | 0.098 | 0.030 | 10.787 | 0.001 | 0.107 | 35.597 | 0.000 | 0.283 |
SF-36 Vitality | 52.87 ± 16.38 | 63.67 ± 17.76 | 69.67 ± 18.32 | 72.66 ± 14.62 | 1.899 | 0.172 | 0.021 | 11.133 | 0.001 | 0.110 | 38.945 | 0.000 | 0.302 |
SF-36 Mental Health | 64.68 ± 19.35 | 86.81 ± 13.13 | 72.40 ± 18.47 | 65.49 ± 21.89 | 4.768 | 0.032 | 0.050 | 11.335 | 0.001 | 0.112 | 41.282 | 0.000 | 0.314 |
SF-36 CSF | 57.24 ± 12.17 | 76.15 ± 8.35 | 60.48 ± 10.83 | 59.37 ± 12.01 | 11.690 | 0.001 | 0.115 | 61.859 | 0.000 | 0.407 | 78.173 | 0.000 | 0.465 |
SF-36 CSM | 72.00 ± 10.24 | 83.89 ± 7.99 | 75.64 ± 11.22 | 71.34 ± 13.33 | 5.487 | 0.021 | 0.057 | 9.681 | 0.002 | 0.097 | 44.025 | 0.000 | 0.328 |
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Sánchez-Alcalá, M.; Aibar-Almazán, A.; Hita-Contreras, F.; Castellote-Caballero, Y.; Carcelén-Fraile, M.d.C.; Infante-Guedes, A.; González-Martín, A.M. Effects of Dance-Based Aerobic Training on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 844. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14080844
Sánchez-Alcalá M, Aibar-Almazán A, Hita-Contreras F, Castellote-Caballero Y, Carcelén-Fraile MdC, Infante-Guedes A, González-Martín AM. Effects of Dance-Based Aerobic Training on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14(8):844. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14080844
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez-Alcalá, Marcelina, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Fidel Hita-Contreras, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero, María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Aday Infante-Guedes, and Ana María González-Martín. 2024. "Effects of Dance-Based Aerobic Training on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 8: 844. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14080844