Inhalational Drug Devices: Revisiting the Linchpin of Asthma Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory Tract
3. Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers
4. Dry Powder Inhalers
5. Soft Mist Inhalers
Respimat® Inhaler
6. Small-Volume Nebulizers
6.1. Air Jet Nebulizers
6.2. Ultrasonic Nebulizers
6.3. Vibrating Mesh Nebulizers
6.4. Smart Nebulizers
7. Future Directions
7.1. Use of Nanoparticles
7.2. Challenges with Developing Inhaled Biologic Agents
7.3. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Class of Medication | Generic Name | Trade Name | Dose (mcg) |
---|---|---|---|
SABA | Albuterol sulfate | ProAir HFA® | 100 |
Proventil HFA® | 120 | ||
Ventolin HFA® | 90 | ||
Levalbuterol tartrate | Xopenex HFA® | 59 | |
SAMA | Ipratropium bromide | Atrovent HFA® | 17 |
ICS | Ciclesonide | Alvesco HFA® | 80, 160 |
Mometasone furoate | Asmanex HFA® | 100, 200 | |
Fluticasone propionate | Flovent HFA® | 44, 110, 220 | |
Combination classes: ICS/LABA | Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate | Advair HFA® | 45/21, 115/21, 230/21 |
Mometasone furoate/formoterol fumarate dihydrate | Dulera® | 100/5, 200/5 | |
Budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate | Symbicort® | 80/4.5, 160/4.5 | |
Combination classes: LAMA/LABA | Glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate | Bevespi Aerosphere® | 9/4.8 |
Combination classes: ICS/LABA/LAMA | Budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate | Breztri Aerosphere® | 160/9/4.8 |
Class of Medication | Generic Name | Trade Name | Dose (mcg) |
---|---|---|---|
ICS | Fluticasone propionate | ArmonAir® Digihaler™ or Respiclick® | 55, 113, 232 |
Flovent® Diskus® | 50, 100, 250 | ||
Fluticasone furoate | Arnuity® Ellipta® | 50, 100, 200 | |
Mometasone furoate | Asmanex® Twisthaler® | 110, 220 | |
Budesonide | Pulmicort Flexhaler® | 90, 180 | |
SABA | Albuterol sulfate | ProAir® Digihaler™ or Respiclick® | 117 |
LABA | Salmeterol xinafoate | Serevent Diskus® | 50 |
LAMA | Umeclidinium | Incruse® Ellipta® | 62.5 |
Tiotropium bromide | Spiriva® Handihaler® | 18 | |
Aclidinium bromide | Tudorza™ Pressair™ | 400 | |
Combination classes: ICS/LABA | Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol | Advair Diskus® or Wixela™ Inhub™ | 100/50, 250/50, 500/50 |
AirDuo® Digihaler™ or Respiclick® | 55/14, 113/14, 232/14 | ||
Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol | Breo® Ellipta® | 100/25, 200/25 | |
Combination classes: LAMA/LABA | Umeclidinium/vilanterol | Anoro® Ellipta® | 62.5/25 |
Aclidinium bromide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate | Duaklir® Pressair® | 400/12 | |
Combination classes: ICS/LABA/LAMA | Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol | Trelegy® Ellipta® | 100/62.5/25, 200/62.5/25 |
Class of Medication | Generic Name | Trade Name | Inhaler Mechanism | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICS | Budesonide | Flexhaler® | Twist the base to load a dose and inhale through the mouthpiece |
|
|
Mometasone | Twisthaler® | Twist the base to load a dose and inhale through the mouthpiece |
|
| |
SABA | Albuterol | Respiclick® | Pull down cap until audible click and inhale |
|
|
LAMA | Aclidinium bromide | Tudorza Pressair® | A green control window changes to red with audible click when the dose is correctly inhaled |
|
|
Tiotropium | Handihaler® | Drug capsule pierced inside a chamber |
|
| |
ICS/LABA | Fluticasone + salmeterol | Advair Diskus® | Manually slide a lever with the thumb, producing an audible click when a dose is ready |
|
|
Wixela inhub® | Manually slide a lever with the thumb, producing an audible click when a dose is ready |
|
| ||
Fluticasone + vilanterol | Breo Ellipta® | Slide down the cover until audible click and drop in dose counter |
|
| |
LABA/LAMA | Indacaterol + glycopyrrolate | Neohaler® | Capsule inserted into inhaler, pierced by pressing two side buttons, then inhale |
|
|
Nebulizer | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Air jet nebulizer |
|
|
Ultrasonic nebulizers |
|
|
Vibrating mesh nebulizers |
|
|
Smart nebulizers |
|
|
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Saxena, D.; Murugesan, N.; Evbayiro, U.D.; Ngassa, M.K.; Adrish, M. Inhalational Drug Devices: Revisiting the Linchpin of Asthma Management. J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14, 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14080867
Saxena D, Murugesan N, Evbayiro UD, Ngassa MK, Adrish M. Inhalational Drug Devices: Revisiting the Linchpin of Asthma Management. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2024; 14(8):867. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14080867
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaxena, Damini, Neveda Murugesan, Uyioghosa D. Evbayiro, Marina K. Ngassa, and Muhammad Adrish. 2024. "Inhalational Drug Devices: Revisiting the Linchpin of Asthma Management" Journal of Personalized Medicine 14, no. 8: 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14080867