The Venom of the Ectoparasitoid Wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Induces Apoptosis of Drosophila melanogaster Hemocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Rearing
2.2. Parasitism Assay
2.3. Venom Collection
2.4. Whole Pupae Fluorescence Microscopy
2.5. Hemocytes Collection and Immunocytochemical Staining
2.6. Electron Microscopy
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Parasitism on Host Hemocytes
3.2. Effects of the Venom on the Hemocyte Morphology
3.3. Venom-Induced Ultrastructural Changes in Hemocytes
3.4. Venom-Induced Hemocytes Apoptosis
3.4.1. TUNEL Staining
3.4.2. Caspases Involvement
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wan, B.; Yang, L.; Zhang, J.; Qiu, L.; Fang, Q.; Yao, H.; Poirié, M.; Gatti, J.-L.; Ye, G. The Venom of the Ectoparasitoid Wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Induces Apoptosis of Drosophila melanogaster Hemocytes. Insects 2020, 11, 363. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11060363
Wan B, Yang L, Zhang J, Qiu L, Fang Q, Yao H, Poirié M, Gatti J-L, Ye G. The Venom of the Ectoparasitoid Wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Induces Apoptosis of Drosophila melanogaster Hemocytes. Insects. 2020; 11(6):363. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11060363
Chicago/Turabian StyleWan, Bin, Lei Yang, Jiao Zhang, Liming Qiu, Qi Fang, Hongwei Yao, Marylène Poirié, Jean-Luc Gatti, and Gongyin Ye. 2020. "The Venom of the Ectoparasitoid Wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Induces Apoptosis of Drosophila melanogaster Hemocytes" Insects 11, no. 6: 363. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11060363