High Temperatures Decrease the Flight Capacity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insects
2.2. Flight Mill
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Temperature | Non-Flyers | Short Flyers | Long Flyers | N |
---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | ||
Low RH | ||||
26 | 11.12 a | 48.8 b | 40.0 b | 45 |
32 | 10.6 a | 50.0 b | 39.4 b | 38 |
37 | 5.3 a | 47.3 b | 47.3 b | 38 |
40 | 8.2 a | 21.6 c | 70.2 a | 37 |
43 | 11.7 a | 60.4 b | 27.9 b | 43 |
46 | 12.5 a | 87.5 a | 0 c | 40 |
High RH | ||||
26 | 17.9 a | 69.2 b | 12.8 a | 39 |
32 | 17.1 a | 62.8 b | 20.0 a | 35 |
37 | 15.6 a | 50.0 b | 34.3 a | 32 |
40 | 20.0 a | 51.4 b | 28.5 a | 35 |
43 | 14.7 a | 73.5 b | 11.7 a | 34 |
46 | 7.8 a | 92.1 a | 0 b | 38 |
Temperature | Short Flyers | Long Flyers | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flight Duration (min) | Distance Flown (m) | Flight Speed (km/h) | Flight Duration (min) | Distance Flown (m) | Flight Speed (km/h) | ||
Low RH | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Maximum | Mean |
26 | 0.14 b | 3.06 b | 1.36 a | 37.91 a | 500.81 a | 2188 | 0.72 b |
32 | 0.19 b | 5.00 b | 1.65 a | 18.97 ab | 281.45 ab | 1064 | 0.99 b |
37 | 0.18 b | 4.70 b | 1.56 a | 13.05 b | 191.36 ab | 723 | 0.97 b |
40 | 0.18 b | 2.98 b | 1.36 a | 10.39 bc | 152.18 b | 557 | 0.92 b |
43 | 0.34 a | 7.54 a | 1.40 a | 2.49 c | 32.71 c | 85 | 0.77 b |
46 | 0.19 b | 2.59 b | 0.90 b | 0 * | 0 * | 0 * | 0 * |
High RH | |||||||
26 | 0.17 b | 3.02 b | 1.14 b | 65.00 a | 1253.99 a | 2598 | 1.15 a |
32 | 0.18 b | 3.19 b | 1.04 b | 22.08 ab | 385.59 ab | 1064 | 1.18 a |
37 | 0.14 b | 2.85 b | 1.24 b | 17.50 b | 339.26 ab | 869 | 1.21 a |
40 | 0.23 ab | 4.22 b | 1.07 b | 7.66 bc | 147.95 b | 302 | 1.17 a |
43 | 0.26 ab | 4.77 b | 1.07 b | 1.59 c | 32.18 c | 37 | 1.24 a |
46 | 0.25 ab | 4.50 b | 1.11 b | 0 * | 0 * | 0 * | 0 * |
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Antolinez, C.A.; Moyneur, T.; Martini, X.; Rivera, M.J. High Temperatures Decrease the Flight Capacity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Insects 2021, 12, 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12050394
Antolinez CA, Moyneur T, Martini X, Rivera MJ. High Temperatures Decrease the Flight Capacity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Insects. 2021; 12(5):394. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12050394
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntolinez, Carlos A., Tobias Moyneur, Xavier Martini, and Monique J. Rivera. 2021. "High Temperatures Decrease the Flight Capacity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)" Insects 12, no. 5: 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12050394