Toxicity, Sublethal and Low Dose Effects of Imidacloprid and Deltamethrin on the Aphidophagous Predator Ceratomegilla undecimnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insecticide Properties and Treatments
2.2. Insects and Plant Material
2.3. Lethal Toxicity
2.4. Life History Study
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Toxicity of Imidacloprid and Deltamethrin on Fourth Instar Larvae of C. undecimnotata
3.2. Effects of Imidacloprid and Deltamethrin on the Developmental Duration Time, Longevity and Fecundity of C. undecimnotata
3.3. Influence of Imidacloprid and Deltamethrin on the Population Parameters of C. undecimnotata
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Insecticide | N a | Dose ng a.i. Insect −1 (95% Confidence Limits)−1 | Slope ± SE | χ2 | p | df | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LD10 | LD30 | LD50 | ||||||
Imidacloprid | 320 | 10.68 (7.60–13.74) | 20.95 (16.70–25.34) | 33.41 (27.75–40.21) | 2.588 ± 0.256 | 1.164 | 0.948 | 5 |
Deltamethrin | 400 | 0.77 (0.54–1.02) | 1.76 (1.38–2.16) | 3.10 (2.53–3.81) | 2.128 ± 0.189 | 2.913 | 0.893 | 7 |
Treatments | N | Development Time of Fourth Instar Larva (Days) | N | Development Time of Pupa (Days) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 33 | 4.06 ± 0.12 c | 33 | 4.85 ± 0.09 ab |
Imidacloprid LD10 | 37 | 5.22 ± 0.21 a | 36 | 4.75 ± 0.15 ab |
Imidacloprid LD30 | 35 | 5.31 ± 0.13 a | 32 | 5.03 ± 0.11 a |
Deltamethrin LD10 | 30 | 4.53 ± 0.13 b | 30 | 4.77 ± 0.12 ab |
Deltamethrin LD30 | 35 | 4.66 ± 0.14 b | 32 | 4.75 ± 0.08 b |
Treatments | N a | Fecundity (Eggs/Female) | APOP (Days) | TPOP (Days) | Female Adult Longevity (Days) | N b | Male Adult Longevity (Days) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 17 | 773.24 ± 82.15 a | 4.76 ± 0.28 bc | 22.18 ± 0.40 c | 86.53 ± 8.86 a | 16 | 78.69 ± 8.17 a |
Imidacloprid LD10 | 16 | 591.13 ± 63.80 ab | 5.88 ± 0.54 b | 24.31 ± 0.45 b | 71.06 ± 3.88 ab | 20 | 64.10 ± 7.49 ab |
Imidacloprid LD30 | 15 | 476.60 ± 87.41 b | 9.00 ± 1.01 a | 28.27 ± 1.07 a | 67.27 ± 4.19 b | 17 | 61.88 ± 6.40 ab |
Deltamethrin LD10 | 14 | 723.79 ± 132.05 ab | 4.43± 0.37 c | 22.00 ± 0.47 c | 79.79 ± 10.81 ab | 16 | 59.06 ± 4.41 b |
Deltamethrin LD30 | 15 | 674.20± 131.06 ab | 4.47± 0.34 c | 22.73 ± 0.40 c | 72.08 ± 12.92 ab | 17 | 61.41 ± 4.98 ab |
Treatments | N | Intrinsic Rate of Increase (r) (Day)−1 | Net Reproductive Rate (R0) (Offspring/Individual) | Mean Generation Time (T) (Days) | Finite Rate of Increase (λ) (Day)−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 40 | 0.1590 ± 0.0078 a | 328.63 ± 69.51 a | 36.43 ± 1.03 c | 1.1724 ± 0.0091 a |
Imidacloprid LD10 | 63 | 0.1229 ± 0.0079 b | 150.13 ± 36.07 bc | 40.78 ± 1.23 b | 1.1308 ± 0.0079 b |
Imidacloprid LD30 | 80 | 0.0934 ± 0.0075 c | 89.36 ± 26.13 c | 48.11 ± 1.98 a | 1.0979 ± 0.0082 c |
Deltamethrin LD10 | 45 | 0.1431 ± 0.010 ab | 225.18 ± 63.79 ab | 37.87 ± 1.35 bc | 1.1538 ± 0.0115 ab |
Deltamethrin LD30 | 80 | 0.1234 ± 0.0091 b | 126.41 ± 37.90 bc | 39.24 ± 1.85 bc | 1.1313 ± 0.0103 b |
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Skouras, P.J.; Darras, A.I.; Mprokaki, M.; Demopoulos, V.; Margaritopoulos, J.T.; Delis, C.; Stathas, G.J. Toxicity, Sublethal and Low Dose Effects of Imidacloprid and Deltamethrin on the Aphidophagous Predator Ceratomegilla undecimnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Insects 2021, 12, 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080696
Skouras PJ, Darras AI, Mprokaki M, Demopoulos V, Margaritopoulos JT, Delis C, Stathas GJ. Toxicity, Sublethal and Low Dose Effects of Imidacloprid and Deltamethrin on the Aphidophagous Predator Ceratomegilla undecimnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Insects. 2021; 12(8):696. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080696
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkouras, Panagiotis J., Anastasios I. Darras, Marina Mprokaki, Vasilios Demopoulos, John T. Margaritopoulos, Costas Delis, and George J. Stathas. 2021. "Toxicity, Sublethal and Low Dose Effects of Imidacloprid and Deltamethrin on the Aphidophagous Predator Ceratomegilla undecimnotata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)" Insects 12, no. 8: 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080696