Sublethal and Transgenerational Toxicities of Chlorfenapyr on Biological Traits and Enzyme Activities of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
by
,
Jian-Yu Li
1,
Yan-Ting Chen
1,
Qiu-Yue Wang
1,
Li-Zhen Zheng
1,
Jian-Wei Fu
2 and
Meng-Zhu Shi
1,2,* 1
Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
2
Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Insects 2022, 13(10), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100874
Submission received: 22 August 2022
/
Revised: 18 September 2022
/
Accepted: 23 September 2022
/
Published: 26 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Evolution of Pesticide Resistance)
Simple Summary
Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus, is an important invasive pest worldwide, which attacks more than 200 host plants. Chlorfenapyr has been demonstrated to have a significant control effect on P. marginatus. To evaluate the long-term sublethal effects of chlorfenapyr on P. marginatus, the sublethal and transgenerational effects of chlorfenapyr on the biological traits and changes of enzyme activities of P. marginatus were investigated. The results showed that chlorfenapyr had significant effects on the development of subsequent generations of P. marginatus, and chlorfenapyr also activated the activities of SOD of P. marginatus. The results demonstrated that chlorfenapyr-mediated sublethal effects occur in at least two successive generations of P. marginatus. Therefore, it is necessary to reapply the chlorfenapyr prior to emergence of the F3 generation to suppress the population and prevent outbreaks of P. marginatus.
Abstract
Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an economically important, invasive insect that is now distributed worldwide. Chlorfenapyr has been demonstrated to have a significant control effect on P. marginatus. In order to evaluate the sublethal and transgenerational effects of chlorfenapyr on P. marginatus, the life table data of three consecutive generations were collected and analyzed by the age stage, two-sex life table method, and the enzyme activities were assayed using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that exposure to the insecticide had significant effects on the biological traits of subsequent generations of P. marginatus, and a higher intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and a shorter mean generation time (T) were observed in the chlorfenapyr-treated F1 mealybugs. Enzyme activity assays showed that chlorfenapyr significantly inhibited the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) while activating the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which suggested that SOD, CAT, and POD may play an important role in the self-defense of P. marginatus against chlorfenapyr. These results conclusively demonstrated that exposure of P. marginatus to sublethal concentrations of chlorfenapyr induced hormetic effects on the F1 generation while having negative effects on the F0 and F3 generations.
