Characterization of Iflavirus in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Insects
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. SRA Data Search
2.4. RT-qPCR Assays
2.5. TcIV Genome Annotation and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.6. TcIV in Different Tissues and in Vertical Transmission
2.7. Immunocytochemistry (ICC)
3. Results
3.1. TcIV Genome Organization
3.2. TcIV Prevalence
3.3. TcIV Phylogenetic Analysis
3.4. TcIV in Sequence Read Archive Data (SRA)
3.5. Tissue-Specific Distribution of TcIV
3.6. Vertical Transmission of TcIV
3.7. TcIV Infections in TcA Cell
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conserved Protease Cleavage Sites in Different Iflaviruses | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCS1 | PCS2 | PCS3 | PCS4 | PCS5 | |
LP; VP2 | VP2; VP4 | VP4; VP3 | VP3; VP1 | VP1; C-Terminus | |
TcIV | ALPE321MD | PYPE570MD | DNNR591DN | AYAE1007GE | VSPE1401AL |
DWV | AKPE211MD | AKPE464MD | GNNM485DN | AIPE901GE | AVPE1288AP |
SBPV | AQPE176MD | ALPE437MD | DVNC458DN | AEPE888ME | AMPE1303GF |
DsLJV | PQPQ171ME | PVVQ408ME | IKNM432DK | AFAQ856MD | PSSQ1113ME |
SRX Accession # | Geographic Location | Strain | Total # of Reads (Range) | % Transcripts |
---|---|---|---|---|
SRX1336374..SRX1381752 | USDA ARS | Unknown | 1.06~19.81 M | 0~0.015% |
SRX1381239..SRX1433712 | USDA ARS | Unknown | 2.72~36.36 M | 0~0.07% |
SRX2591944..SRX2591991 | Vanderbilt University (GEO) | Unknown | 8.99~24.77 M | 0.0002~0.05% |
SRX390599..SRX391110 | University of Muenster | SB/Cro1 | 21.82~42.24 M | 0.0005~0.02% |
SRX2695346 | USDA ARS left for Grain and Animal Health Research | Oppert lab | 154.78 M | 0.003% |
SRX818546..SRX819651 | Wayne State University | GAI | 23.79~66.43 M | 0.005~0.02% |
SRX3119712..SRX3118448 | Wayne State University | Unknown | 43.02~88.05 M | 0.006~0.06% |
SRX7097353..SRX7140859 | Jiangsu University | Unknown | 63.4 M | 0~0.01% |
SRX2390214.. SRX2390215 | USDA ARS | Unknown | 31.40~32.62 M | 0.015% |
SRX2265569..SRX2265586 | University of Muenster | Cro1 | 19.60~29.83 M | 0.02% |
SRX1925245..SRX1925248 | Nanjing University (GEO) | GA-1 | 5.85~6.11 M | 0.02~0.08% |
SRX5103179..SRX5103190 | South China Agriculture University | Unknown | 7.89~10.38 M | 0.05~0.06% |
SRX3406391 | Nanjing Normal University | Unknown | 6.85 M | 0.07% |
SRX5361486..SRX5361487 | Nanjing Normal University | Unknown | 70.59~74.60 M | 0.07% |
SRX2944938 | Nanjing Normal University | GA-1 | 6.83 M | 0.07% |
SRX1513481 | Nanjing Normal University | GA-1 | 7.31 M | 0.07% |
SRX476140-SRX699016 | Nanjing Normal University | GA-1 | 7.12~7.58 M | 0.07% |
SRX1081871 | Nanjing Normal University | GA-1 | 6.96 M | 0.07% |
SRX6408778..SRX6408837 | University of Münster (GEO) | Cro1 | 13.28~21.57 M | 0.01~93.19% |
SRX6808996..SRX6812159 | Harvard University | Unknown | 7.52~46.48 M | 0.12~0.59% |
SRX8875633..SRX8875638 | Yangzhou University | GA-1 | 24.7~25.97 M | 0.19~70.67% |
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Fatehi, S.; Aikins, M.; Philips, T.W.; Brown, S.; Zhu, K.Y.; Scully, E.D.; Park, Y. Characterization of Iflavirus in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae). Insects 2023, 14, 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14030220
Fatehi S, Aikins M, Philips TW, Brown S, Zhu KY, Scully ED, Park Y. Characterization of Iflavirus in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae). Insects. 2023; 14(3):220. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14030220
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatehi, Soheila, Michael Aikins, Thomas W. Philips, Susan Brown, Kun Yan Zhu, Erin D. Scully, and Yoonseong Park. 2023. "Characterization of Iflavirus in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae)" Insects 14, no. 3: 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14030220