Effect of Temperature and Insect Infestation Levels on Oxygen Depletion in Hermetic Storage
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Rearing and Grain Preparation
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Data Collection
2.3.1. Oxygen Measurement
2.3.2. Temperature and Relative Humidity
2.3.3. Grain Quality Assessments
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Oxygen Measurement
3.2. Temperature and Relative Humidity
3.3. Grain Moisture Content and Percentage Germination
3.4. Insect Occurrence, Grain Damage, and Weight Loss
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Residual Oxygen Level (Percentage, Mean ± SEM) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Day 5 | Day 10 | Day 15 | Day 30 | |
25 insects at 20 °C | 18 ± 0.200a * | 17 ± 0.149a | 16 ± 0.354a | 7 ± 1.091b |
50 insects at 20 °C | 17 ± 0.302a | 16 ± 0.575a | 14 ± 1.002a | 7 ± 1.060b |
25 insects at 30 °C | 16 ± 0.402a | 5 ± 0.806c | 3 ± 0.766d | 1 ± 0.469c |
50 insects at 30 °C | 12 ± 1.096b | 3 ± 0.752c | 2 ± 0.532d | 3 ± 1.966c |
25 insects at 40 °C | 13 ± 0.291b | 12 ± 2.169b | 11 ± 2.538b | 9 ± 1.396a |
50 insects at 40 °C | 8 ± 1.037c | 7 ± 1.186c | 7 ± 1.089c | 6 ± 1.475ab |
F (p-value) | 38.58 (<0.001) | 69.61 (<0.001) | 88.58 (<0.001) | 4.06 (0.004) |
Parameter * | Estimate | SE a | t | p-Value | LCI b | UCI c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 6.84 | 0.66 | 10.34 | <0.001 | 5.54 | 8.13 |
25 insects | 4.34 | 1.07 | 4.07 | <0.001 | 2.25 | 6.43 |
50 insects | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . |
20 °C | 7.46 | 0.97 | 7.71 | <0.001 | 5.56 | 9.36 |
30 °C | −4.91 | 0.94 | −5.26 | <0.001 | −6.75 | −3.08 |
40 °C | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . |
25 insects at 30 °C | −3.92 | 1.42 | −2.77 | 0.006 | −6.70 | −1.14 |
25 insects at 40 °C | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . |
Initially (time = 0) | 12.23 | 0.94 | 13.09 | <0.001 | 10.40 | 14.07 |
25 insects initially | −4.18 | 1.42 | −2.95 | 0.003 | −6.97 | −1.40 |
20 °C initially | −7.30 | 1.35 | −5.43 | <.001 | −9.94 | −4.66 |
25 insects at 30 °C initially | 3.89 | 1.94 | 2.01 | 0.045 | 0.085 | 7.70 |
Treatment | Equation * | R² Value |
---|---|---|
25 insects at 20 °C | y = −0.148x + 18.77 | 0.897 |
50 insects at 20 °C | y = −0.3137x + 19.024 | 0.961 |
25 insects at 30 °C | y = 0.009x3 − 0.2204x2 + 0.1119x + 19.271 | 0.979 |
50 insects at 30 °C | y = 0.0029x3 − 0.0055x2 − 1.9252x + 21.602 | 0.986 |
25 insects at 40 °C | y = −0.0045x3 + 0.1611x2 − 1.8512x + 20.687 | 0.923 |
50 insects at 40 °C | y = −0.0087x3 + 0.3296x2 − 3.9746x + 22.408 | 0.968 |
Grain Infestation Levels after 30 Days | Adult Emergence 45 Days Post-Treatment | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments | Eggs | Larvae | Adults | |
25 insects at 20 °C | 13.5 ± 5.98c | 0 ± 0.47a | 1.4 ± 0.72ab | 1.25 ± 0.75b |
50 insects at 20 °C | 17.6 ± 6.93c | 0 ± 0.54a | 4.7 ± 0.83a | 5.86 ± 1.78a |
25 insects at 30 °C | 30.8 ± 5.99b | 0 ± 0.47a | 0 ± 0.00b | 0 ± 0.00c |
50 insects at 30 °C | 48.0 ± 5.99a | 1.1 ± 0.47a | 0 ± 0.00b | 0 ± 0.00c |
25 insects at 40 °C | 14.0 ± 5.99c | 0 ± 0.47a | 0 ± 0.00b | 0 ± 0.00c |
50 insects at 40 °C | 30.5 ± 5.99b | 0 ± 0.47a | 0 ± 0.00b | 0 ± 0.00c |
F (p-value) | 9.53 (0.007) | 1.00 (0.332) | 11.97 (0.003) | 11.16 (0.004) |
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Donga, T.K.; Baributsa, D. Effect of Temperature and Insect Infestation Levels on Oxygen Depletion in Hermetic Storage. Insects 2023, 14, 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070621
Donga TK, Baributsa D. Effect of Temperature and Insect Infestation Levels on Oxygen Depletion in Hermetic Storage. Insects. 2023; 14(7):621. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070621
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonga, Trust Kasambala, and Dieudonné Baributsa. 2023. "Effect of Temperature and Insect Infestation Levels on Oxygen Depletion in Hermetic Storage" Insects 14, no. 7: 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070621